Helicobacter pylori bacteria colonize the human stomach where they stimulate a persistent inflammatory response. H. pylori is considered noninvasive; however, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-enriched outer membrane vesicles (OMV), continuously shed from the surface of this bacterium, are observed within gastric epithelial cells. The mechanism of vesicle uptake is poorly understood, and this study was ...

Although Helicobacter pylori has a significant impact on the occurrence of severe clinical syndromes, its exact ways of transmission and origin have not been identified. According to the results of some previously published articles, foods with animal origins play a substantial role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans. The present investigation was carried out to study the vacuolating cy...

objective: helicobacter pylori is a major etiological agent in gastro-duodenal disorders, and has spread in the world. the prevalence of infection with h. pylori is more than 80% in some populations, but only 10% to 20% of them are infected with this organism. also infection with this pathogen is associated with peptic ulcer disease (pud), gastritis (g), duodenitis (du), and non-ulcer dyspepsi...

Studies of Helicobacter pylori from the West have linked production of vacuolating cytotoxin and a particular signal sequence (s1a) allele of the underlying vacA gene to peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Among Chinese H. pylori, most isolates from both PUD and gastritis patients were toxigenic (35/46 and 29/35, respectively). Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing showed that 95 of 96 isolates ...

The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a secreted pore-forming toxin and a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. While VacA is present in almost all strains, only some forms are toxigenic and pathogenic. While vacA and its genotypes are considered as markers of H. pylori-related diseases or disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of VacA and it...

AIMS To determine the relation among the cytotoxin associated gene (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) status of Helicobacter pylori isolates, the associated clinical diseases, and the severity and pattern of chronic gastritis. METHODS Helicobacter pylori was cultured from gastric biopsies obtained from dyspeptic patients. DNA was extracted from the isolates and the cagA and vacA sta...

Virulence mechanisms underlying Helicobacter pylori persistence and disease remain poorly understood, in part, because the factors underlying disease risk are multifactorial and complex. Among the bacterial factors that contribute to the cumulative pathophysiology associated with H. pylori infections, the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is one of the most important. Analogous to a number of H. pyl...

Anthocyanins have been studied as potential antimicrobial agents against Helicobacter pylori. We investigated whether the biosynthesis and secretion of cytotoxin-associated protein A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) could be suppressed by anthocyanin treatment in vitro. H. pylori reference strain 60190 (CagA(+)/VacA(+)) was used in this study to investigate the inhibitory effects of an...

BACKGROUND The vacuolating cytotoxin and the cytotoxinassociated protein, encoded by vacA and cagA, respectively, are important virulence determinants of Helicobacter pylori. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform vacA genotyping and evaluate its association with cagA genotype and clinical outcome. METHODS One hundred and twenty H. pylori strains were isolated from dyspeptic patient...

Helicobacter pylori has been strongly associated with gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and it is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Two major virulence factors of H. pylori have been described: the cytotoxin-associated gene product (cagA) and the vacuolating toxin (vacA). Since considerable geographic diversity in the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors has been reported, the aim of...