R. Pantophlet (ed.), HIV Glycans in Infection and Immunity, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8872-9_6, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract HIV has evolved a number of strong defense mechanisms, including extensive glycosylation of its surface envelope glycoprotein, to evade host immune responses. Nevertheless, the discovery of a series of glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibod...

objective(s):human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) remains a major morbidity and mortality cause in immuno suppressed patients. therefore, significant effort has been made towards the development of a vaccine. in this study, the expression of the pp65 and gb fusion peptides and fc domain of mouse igg2a as a novel delivery system for selective uptake of antigens by antigen-presenting cells (apcs) in pich...

Prediction of immunogenicity is a substantial barrier in vaccine design. Here, a molecular dynamics approach to assessing the immunogenicity of nanoparticles based on structure is presented. Molecular properties of epitopes on nonenveloped viral particles are quantified via a set of metrics. One such metric, epitope fluctuation (and implied flexibility), is shown to be inversely correlated with...

Malaria is a highly prevalent disease caused by infection by Plasmodium spp., which infect hepatocytes and erythrocytes. Blood-stage infections cause devastating symptoms and can persist for years. Antibodies and CD4(+) T cells are thought to protect against blood-stage infections. However, there has been considerable difficulty in developing an efficacious malaria vaccine, highlighting our inc...

Publication of the first efficacious large-scale HIV vaccine trial in 2009 prompted fresh hope that design of a protective vaccine against HIV may be achievable. In this review we explore the difficult task of eliciting protective immune responses to HIV and highlight the hurdles that vaccine design must still overcome.

An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine...

The opinion provides advice relating to the design of field trials to test the performance of a vaccine for bovine tuberculosis (bTB), along with a test to Detect Infected among Vaccinated Animals (DIVA). The objective of cattle vaccination is to use the vaccine in combination with presently applied control measures within the EU as an aid towards bTB eradication. The ideal field trials for the...

The successful use of Bacillus anthracis as a lethal biological weapon has prompted renewed research interest in the development of more effective vaccines against anthrax. The disease consists of three critical components: spore, bacillus, and toxin, elimination of any of which confers at least partial protection against anthrax. Current remedies rely on postexposure antibiotics to eliminate b...