It is essential to understand the consumption pattern of food and how it changes over time to formulate sound economic policies as well as marketing and pricing strategies. In this study, we estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System with six rounds of the Family Income Expenditure Survey exploiting the conditional linearity of the demand system. We find that the Filipino diet has become...

Digital Elevation Model (DEM), while providing a “bare earth” look, is heavily used in many applications including construction modeling, visualization, and GIS. Their registration techniques have not been explored much. Methods like Coarse-to-fine or pyramid making are common in DEM-to-image or DEM-to-map registration. Selfconsistency measure is used to detect any change in terrain elevation a...

In this paper, we propose a new embedding method for reversible data hiding. Unlike traditional methods using differenceexpansion or feature modifications, we propose an evenand odd-numberbased embedding method. This method is implemented in a prediction error image. The experimental results show that our embedding method can achieve satisfactory embedding capacity and image quality.

since density is considered as one of the most important numerical indices to explain quantitative values of a plant community by affecting on many aspects and activity of ecosystem, on the other hand, awareness about plants distribution pattern in environment is an essential preparation for measurement and study of vegetative cover, therefore, in this research determination of density and dist...

Various methods have been applied to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) but whatever method is used, DEM estimates will always be affected by errors. Comparing interpolated values with the actual elevation values, obtained with a high precision field survey, allows us to assess DEM accuracy. At every spot height location it is possible to subtract the actual values from the DEM values to o...

we present an approach to design of fault tolerant computing systems. in this paper, a technique is employed that enable the combination of several codes, in order to obtain flexibility in the design of error correcting codes. code combining techniques are very effective, which one of these codes are turbo codes. the algorithm-based fault tolerance techniques that to detect errors rely on the c...