Abstract The social sciences often explain behavioral differences by appealing to membership in distinct cultural groups. This work uses the concepts of “cultures” and “cultural groups” like any other demographic category (e.g. “gender”, “socioeconomic status”). I call these joint conceptualizations cultures . Such have long been subject scrutiny. Here isolate respond a set arguments skepticism...

The work analyses typical uses of attribute-like relations in conceptual graphs and identifies general sources of failure to convey intended meaning. These include relations that do not contain a semantic bond between their arguments, semantically superfluous concept types, and confusion between first-order and second-order levels. The analysis focuses on the semantics of physical quantities an...

While dealing with vague concepts often it puts us in fix to determine whether to a particular situation/case/state a particular concept applies or not. A human perceiver can determine some cases as the positive instances of the concept, and some as the negative instances of the same; but there always remain cases, which might have some similarities with some positive cases, and also have some ...

in this research, the methodology of which is descriptive-inferential, our problem is the role of the unity of divine acts in mulla sadra’s transcendent philosophy and the evaluation of his arguments on it. in this regard, after explaining the concept of “unity of divine acts”, we show that since the boundaries of sadra’s philosophical system approaches speculative mysticism, sadra’s system in ...

HIV infection was previously an absolute contraindication to renal transplantation. However, with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), renal transplantation using HIV-negative donor kidneys has successfully been employed for HIV-infected patients with end-stage renal failure. In resource-limited countries, places on dialysis programmes are severely restricted; HIV-infecte...

Using explicit affirmation and explicit negation, whilst allowing for a third logic value of undefinedness, can be useful in situations where decisions have to be taken on the basis of scarce, ambiguous, or downright contradictory information. In a three-valued setting, we consider an agent that learns a definition for both the target concept and its opposite, considering positive and negative ...

In the modern society and specially in our country discussion of poverty, wealth and social justice are the most important arguments of public and private circles. The most important graphical tools which are used to describe the quantity of centralization like wealth in a society is Lorenz curve. In these situations, most of econometricians measure the economic inequalities. In the discrete ca...