This study aims to determine the content of heavy metal lead (Pb) in urine elementary school (SD) students Jambi City. The method used is a descriptive survey involving near highway with inclusion criteria, namely grades 2-6 and distance from less than 50 meters. levels students' were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). results showed that Pb ranged 0.024 ppm - 0.068 ppm. highe...

introduction: students in elementary schools due to the physical and behavioral characteristics more than adults have exposed to environmental hazards. this study was conducted to examine the environmental health and safety indices in girls' elementary schools in ilam city. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was carried out via census sampling method in girls' elementar...

BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common and important clinical problem in childhood. Upper urinary tract infections (i.e., acute pyelonephritis) may lead to renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. Despite the presence of simple and reliable methods of preliminary screening of children's urine, urinary tract infection continues to be under diagnosed. OBJECTIVE...

introduction and aim: diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in children must be done before renal damage. so, in many countries the screening programs are done in the schools. there are a few reports on the prevalence of this disease among children in different parts of iran. this study aims to investigate the prevalence of this infection in the seven years old children of birjand ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of astigmatism and poor visual acuity and rate of eyeglass wear in grade school children who are members of a Native American tribe reported to have a high prevalence of large amounts of astigmatism. METHODS Vision screening was conducted on 1,327 first through eighth grade children attending school on the Tohono O'odham Reservat...

INTRODUCTION This article reviews published literature on the usefulness of population-based urinary screening in the Asian paediatric population. METHODS Articles were found in the Medline database using the key words "paediatrics", "urine screening", "proteinuria", "haematuria" and "population". The Asian countries which had carried out population-based urinary screening of the paediatric p...

In determining the best education for the negro under the social conditions in which he finds himself, it would seem to be of first importance to discover, if possible, how he compares in his elementary education with the children of the white race. At present, except in a few instances, the negro children in the North are distributed among the white children in the regular public schools. In t...