KCl cotransport (KCC) activity contributes to pathologic dehydration in sickle (SS) red blood cells (RBCs). KCC activation by urea was measured in SS and normal (AA) RBCs as Cl-dependent Rb influx. KCC-mediated volume reduction was assessed by measuring reticulocyte cellular hemoglobin concentration (CHC) cytometrically. Urea activated KCC fluxes in fresh RBCs to levels seen in swollen cells, a...

Background: Inadequacy of dialysis is one of the main causes of death in hemodialysis patients. Some studies have suggested that highflux membrane improves removal of moderatemolecules while other studies no significant on them. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the dialysis adequacy of low-flux versus high-flux membranes in Hemodialysis Patients. Patients and Methods: Forty ...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND This study was done to obtain concentrated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA; 18:2) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (OA; 18:1) from Jatropha curcas seed oil by urea complexation. Urea complexation is a method used by researchers to separate fatty acids (FAs) based on their molecular structure. Effects the ratio of urea-to-FAs, crystall...

BACKGROUND Relationship of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) with parameters that could provide more information than hemodynamic renal indexes has not been clarified. We aimed to explore the association of comprehensive renal parameters with LVDD in a community-based elderly population. METHODS 1,166 community residents (aged ≥ 65 years, 694 females) participating in the Shanghai...

BACKGROUND Carbamylation is an irreversible process of non-enzymatic modification of proteins by the breakdown products of urea. For haemoglobin (Hb), the extent of carbamylation is a marker of urea exposure and has been proposed as an indicator of the control of uraemia by dialysis, analogous to the use of Hb glycosylation in diabetic patients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of...

This study assessed hemodialysis adequacy in pediatric centers. Monthly adequacy data were requested in NAPRTCS enrollees on hemodialysis for at least 6 mo. Data forms were returned for 147 children from 32 centers. Data are presented for the 138 children (57% boys, 45% black) that were dialyzed 3 times/wk, representing 2282 patient-months of follow-up. Pre- and postdialysis BUN levels were rep...

Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio Related Information: Creatinine, Serum or Plasma Osmolality, Serum Urea Nitrogen, Serum or Plasma Synonyms: BUN to Creatinine Ratio Test includes: Serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen. Background: Useful to distinguish between preand postrenal diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, and renal diseases. High BUN/creatinine ratio: Decreased renal perfusion, hypo...

an experiment was carried out to evaluate how interactions between forage to concentrate ratio and dietary crude protein level may alter nitrogen efficiency and ut-b expression in growing baluchi male lambs. four baluchi male lambs [30 ± 2 kg bw] were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with 28-d periods and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. the treatments fed forage: concent...

The incorporation of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; RG), a winter manure, could partly replace chemical N and reduce loss during the succeeding rice seasons, but little is known about its impact on greenhouse gas emission. This study investigated effect different RG-urea substitution ratios (0% RG 100% urea, 25% 75% 50% 0% urea,) net C mineralization, CH4 N2O emissions in paddy soil. Gas sa...