This paper describes two important transformations of the past century: industrialisation and urbanisation. These transformations will continue in the new century and create policy challenges because the use of land, materials and energy will increasingly meet natural limits or be constrained by intergenerational equity arguments. New local and international institutional arrangements will be n...

douala metropolitan city loated in the littoral province of cameroon,has experienced a rapid urbaniation and industralisation. the city depends heavily on groundwater as a resource. due to ubiquitous sources of pollution, groundwater quality and contamination has become an imprtant issue for this urban groundwater supply. this study uses the major ion chemistry of groundwater together with t...

Most books dealing with cities start with international statistics on urbanisation. These figures underline the shift towards an urban world. For instance, it is common to begin by stating, after the UN, that since 2014, 54 % of the world population lives in cities, and that the least urbanised continents, Africa and Asia, are also those experiencing the most rapid urbanisation. We also open wi...

Asia Pacific is experiencing multiple dynamics of urbanisation, economic growth, poverty and environmental deterioration. It is the largest region with more than 60 percent of the world population. About 43 percent of the total population in the region live in urban areas, of which 40 percent live in slums and substandard conditions. In the past 30 years, the urban population in Asia Pacific ha...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of urbanisation in the Caribbean and to determine a way forward in achieving sustainable urban development. The Caribbean has had a long urban history, yet urban management has not played a significant role in guiding development. Limited resources make future planning imperative in the region and urban form is being explored as an option. Inc...