The term “physical development and land use” was primarily raised in the Western countries so that governments could monitor the way the land is used and to maintain property rights. However, with rapid growth of urbanization and development of urban and regional planning the dimensions and the contents of the concept have expanded day by day. The central and practical core of urban planning is...

iranian traditional cities were created with a system based on experiments and gradual establishment of society through time. qajar era is especially important in iranian art history. until mid qajar era, iranian cities’s architecture mainly took benefit of its common traditional architecture that is already seen in most desert-surrounding cities. till this era, there was not any connection bet...

historic cities contain an old urban structure, which have been formed over time, based on the city’s identity features and have emanated in the form of historical relations and elements; therefore the quality of interventions took place in these contexts couldn’t be ignored. tabriz is one of iran’s most important historic cities that its structural identity has changed throughout history due t...

Urban management in any context has a different economic, social and political structure, which is in harmony with the existing models of organization. In spite of these differences, in order to reach a sustainable urban development, several different conferences should be referred to. In the “Brundtland Commission 1987” about urban sustainable development these definitions have been given: “pr...

Urban environments challenge animals with 2 novel impediments to communication: low-frequency anthropogenic noise, which masks vocalizations, and large sound-reflecting structures, which contribute to reverberation. We studied spectral and temporal traits of trill songs of chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), a species historically found in open grassland habitat, to understand how noise, ur...

China is an urban and rural social model country. In the past three decades, the developing speed of rural areas has been much slower than urban areas, which may lead to the differences in dietary patterns. This study aimed to investigate the disparities of dietary structures from urban and rural children, and to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on their adverse outcome. Among ...