man raises level of his needs by falsifying the nature and construction of the built spaces. by examining various aspects and complex dimensions of the human, variable and different needs can be clearly seen. therefore, an architectural construction, especially housing, should be able to set the access conditions to meet the highest level of the needs and achieve to the highest level of respons...

china is a vast and overpopulated country in the eastern asia whose energy security and supply is the most important factor of economic growth and consequently, economic, social and political security. by the past decades, its leaders have understood the key role of economic growth and development in the economic and political security of china. thus, they have put all their concentration on th...

Abstract The EU building stock is 97% not energy efficient and the promotion of retrofitting strategies a key way reducing consumptions greenhouse gas emission. In order to improve performance buildings, European Union released Energy Performance Buildings Efficiency Directives. certification central element these Directives monitor promote improvements in with aim increasing their efficiency l...

in this research, energetic andexergetic analysis of calcium oxide formation, co2 emissions, andenvironmental effects during the clinker production process in rotary kilnare investigated. first the energy and exergy analysis of rotary kiln were carried out according to the first and second law of thermodynamics based on dead state, respectively. consequently, the amount of co2 emissions associa...

The draft Auckland Unitary Plan outlines the future land used for new housing and businesses with Auckland population growth over the next thirty years. According to Auckland Unitary Plan, over the next 30 years, the population of Auckland is projected to increase by one million, and up to 70% of total new dwellings occur within the existing urban area. Intensification will not only increase th...

A common way of classifying network connectivity is the association of the nodal degree distribution to specific probability distribution models. During the last decades, researchers classified many networks using the Poisson or Pareto distributions. Urban infrastructures – like transportation (railways, roads, etc.) and distribution (gas, water, energy, etc.) systems – are peculiar networks st...

Global warming has today turned to one of the most important environmental issues due tooveruse of fossil fuels, and it needs serious attention. Since the mid-1970s, an urgent needwas therefore felt around the world to reduce the use of energy for heating and cooling inbuildings. Using green covers, especially green facades, in appropriate environmentalconditions can be regarded as a method to ...