background: this study evaluated the efficacy of focal intramuscular injection of botulinum (bont) toxin type a in comparison with oral tizanidine (tzd) in treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity. methods: this was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial that recruited 68 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity. thirty-four patients received bont (dysport(®)) injections in aff...

background: the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been known for many years. since the temporary ischemia in the heart may cause lethal cardiac effects, the idea of creating ischemia in organs far from the heart such as limbs was raised as remote ischemic preconditioning (ripc). we hypothesized that the extension of ripc has more cardioprotective effect in patients undergo...

Objective: To find the impact of impaired upper limb motor function on trunk control and mobility in chronic post-stroke survivors so that the upper limb function should be enhanced as a core component of rehabilitation. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to August 2021 at Rehabilitation Center for the Physically Disabled, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total o...

Human upper-limb involves for many daily human activities. The human intention for upperlimb motions can be estimated based on the activation pattern of upper-limb muscles. The upper-limb muscle activities during the daily upper-limb motions have been studied to enable power-assist robotic exoskeleton systems to estimate human upper-limb motions based on muscle electromyographic (EMG) signals. ...

background: h-reflex is a valuable electrophysiological technique for assessing nerve conduction through entire length of afferent and efferent pathways, especially nerve roots and proximal segments of peripheral nerves. the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between normal values of flexor carpi radialis (fcr) h-reflex latency, upper limb length and age in normal subjects, and t...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: this study was aimed at assessing the accuracy of provocative tests in diagnosis of acute or chronic cervical radiculopathy (cr) based on an electrodiagnostic reference criterion. materials and methods: shoulder abduction test (sat), spurling test (st), upper limb tension test (ultt), and electromyography were done on 97 patients who ref...

background and objective: cerebro-vascular accident (cva) is considered to be one of the main causes of acquired motor disability in adults. different motor rehabilitation programs are being designed in order to improve motor difficulties of patients with cva. in the current study we aimed to assess the effect of task-based mirror therapy on upper limb functions and activities of daily living i...