a method is described whereby the isodose curves of a cobalt unit were measured, using a simple photographic technique. the method reduces the effects of experimental errors and artifacts by cross_plotting the constants of decrement liner. the method is self-calibrating, and affords a useful allernative to the more usual water phantom pro:edures, in cases when this apparatus is not available

This paper contains the study about the inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The study is about the types available in markets and also some research on IMU. In this paper also included the uncertainty of some IMU been used and comparison between some IMU manufacturers. Then the combination of IMU with GPS can provide more effective result for navigation, guidance and controlling system for ...

soil detachment is known as an important process in soil erosion and its quantification is necessary to establish a basic understanding of erosion. this study was carried out to find the best flow erosivity indicator(s) for predicting detachment rate at low slopes. for this purpose, 12 experiments including 6 flow discharges (75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 ml/s) and 2 slope gradients (1.5 and 2...

soil compaction is an important aspect of agriculture and different methods are available to measure this parameter. one method is called the cone index; measuring the force required per unit area for penetration of a standard steel cone into the ground. cone penetrometers are used for cone index measurement. in this study, a tractor mounted, hydraulically-operated penetrometer was designed, bu...