Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous symptoms including Graves' orbitopathy, has a combined genetic/environmental background, where variations within CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS genes are considered as disease markers.Association of CD28c.17+3T>C(rs3116496), CTLA-4g.319C>T(rs5742909), CTLA-4c.49A>G(rs231775), CTLA-4g.*642AT(8_33), CT60(rs3087243), Jo31(rs11571302), ICOSc.1554+4GT(8_15...

UNLABELLED Myxoedema madness was first described as a consequence of severe hypothyroidism in 1949. Most cases were secondary to long-standing untreated primary hypothyroidism. We present the first reported case of iatrogenic myxoedema madness following radioactive iodine ablation for Graves' disease, with a second concurrent diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. A 29-year-old woman presente...

The present study demonstrated genetic analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in a familial Graves' disease linked to autoimmune mechanism. The proband was a 17 year-old female. At 15 years, Graves' disease was diagnosed with serum TSH was <0.015 IU/ml; free T(3), 13.6 pg/ml; free T(4), 4.51 ng/dl; and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), 94.1%. She had two brothers (19 and 13 years-old), who manif...

We evaluated the determination of serum G-CSF in the diagnosis of granulocytopenia due to methimazole (MMI) in 54 patients with Graves' disease, while they were being treated with MMI, by way of measuring WBC counts and serum levels of G-CSF, thyroid hormones, IgE, and interleukin-2. Serum TSH was measured by immunoradiometric assay, serum G-CSF was done by enzyme immunoassay, thyroid hormones ...

Dysthyroid orbitopathy (thyroid-associated orbitopathy or Graves’ ophthalmopathy) is the most common cause of both unilateral and bilateral proptosis in adults. This proptosis is usually accompanied by eyelid retraction, orbital congestion or motility disturbances. Each patient experiences a unique combination of symptoms and signs for an unpredictable duration and with varying severity. Althou...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Graves' disease has been associated with an increased psychiatric morbidity. It is unclarified whether this relates to Graves' disease or chronic disease per se. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with Graves' disease compared to patients with another chronic thyroid disease, nodular goitre, and to investig...

graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by presence of antibodies directed against thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) receptor or nearby region. other serological abnormalities like antibodies to double stranded dna (ds–dna) and antinuclear antibodies (ana) have also been observed. we studied antibodies to ds-dna and ana in our patients with graves’ disease and compared them with...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To characterize ultrasonographic findings in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) combined with Graves' disease. METHODS Medical records and ultrasonographic findings of 1,013 patients with Graves' disease and 3,380 patients without Graves' disease were analyzed retrospectively. A diagnosis of PTC was based on a pathologic examination. RESULTS The frequency of hypoechogenicity ...

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare form of infiltrative and inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland and can be associated with systemic fibrotic processes, Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease. Riedel thyroiditis in combination with Graves disease however, is very rare. A 57-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for Graves disease diagnosed 30 years ago presented with an enla...