The explosive growth of electronic commerce transactions in recent years has added fuel to efforts to harmonize international commercial law. Organizations such as the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Hague Conference on Private International Law are all participating in an emerging...

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<p>In 2014, Indonesia introduced a more progressive law to ease foreign investment in plantations. This policy seems resuscitate the legacy of plantation during colonial times as source state revenue. however has not signified increases companies. One major causes been an inadequate quality contracts such lack transparency, participation, and coherence. In practice, contract still utilize...

a contractual relationship is commonly based on statements, expectations, acts and omissions out of which some will, and others will not, give rise to contractual obligations. to avoid uncertainty as to what is agreed, the contract parties often enter into a written contract that is supposed to express the final agreement between them and prevent the parties from relying on rights and obligatio...

when the parties to conclude a contract, bounding to performance their contractual obligations, but sometimes occur events that to make performance of obligations under a contract impossible or the circumstances of the time of performance of the contract substantially differentiate with the time of the time of the conclusion of the contract . these events are referred to as legal excuses, if th...

when the parties enter into a contract, they are obliged to implement its obligations, but sometimes events occur that make it impossible to execute the contract or runtime status than the time of conclusion of the contract is fundamentally different. these events are referred to as legal excuses if eligible, the parties are exempt from the obligations and responsibilities. the most important l...