background: complete and fast diagnosis, registry and treatment programs are the main effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases. in addition, an organized and extended infectious disease surveillance system is crucial in designing and monitoring communicable diseases control programs. the quality of the surveillance system can be evaluated by several indices such as timeliness, c...

Variability in software process models justifies tailoring them to meet the specific goals and characteristics of organizations and projects. At the present time, processes are modeled using different notations which typically do not have constructs which are appropriate for expressing process variability. To fill this gap, we have extended SPEM to vSPEM, by adding new variability constructs (s...

This book presents the achievements in research of a special underactuated system called mobile wheeled inverted pendulum (MWIP) over recent years. Taking dynamic modeling, control, and simulation as mainline, this first introduces particularity, control challenges, applications MWIP system. The Lagrange function is adopted to model dynamics two-dimensional three-dimensional systems. Based on d...

BACKGROUND Timeliness is a key performance measure of public health surveillance systems. Timeliness can vary by disease, intended use of the data, and public health system level. Studies were reviewed to describe methods used to evaluate timeliness and the reporting timeliness of National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) data was evaluated to determine if this system could suppo...

Within half a century hospitals for children had become established features of the British medical landscape. By 1900, the formerly entrenched notion that sick children would not prosper away from home had given way to the other extreme. Now, it would seem, children required to be isolated in institutions entirely dedicated to their care. As Roger Cooter has indicated, there was a 'gradual dis...