The seismic behaviour of underground structures is generally satisfactory compared to the above-ground ones. However, despite of the buried structure confinement, in recent strong seismic events some underground structure as tunnels, pipelines and tanks suffered high damage; for this reason, a strong effort is focused to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of these structure and to give codes in...

In the Brazilian Cerrado (neotropical savanna), the development of bud-bearing underground systems as adaptive structures to fire and dry periods can comprise an important source of buds for this ecosystem, as already demonstrated in the Brazilian Campos grasslands and North American prairies. Asteraceae species from both woody and herbaceous strata have subterranean organs that accumulate carb...

the aim of this study is to investigate underground water quality parameters in gorganrud river basin and their connection with aboveground conditions using gis and artificial neural networks. in order to prepare a land use map of the area, liss iii image of irs satellite of the year 2008 was used in a maximum likelihood classification. the results revealed that there was a significant correlat...

The KLOTZ Club is a multi-national group of explosives safety specialists concerned with the safe storage of military ammunition and munitions. One topic of present interest to the KLOTZ Club is the effects of the hazardous environment that would result from an accidental explosion in an underground military munitions storage facility. The necessary placement and/or design of nearby above-groun...

Two new cycloartane glycosides, named aquilegiosides K and L, have been isolated from the dried underground parts of Aquilegia vulgaris. Their structures were determined by two dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.

the construction of underground tunnel plays a more and more important role in the development of big cities. one of the most important problems caused by the construction of the tunnel is that underground excavation will cause large settlement of the ground and buildings. previous studied showed the difference between numerical and experimental results. in this study the case study of niyayesh...