We study an active underground economy that trades stolen digital credentials. In particular, we investigate keylogger-based stealing of credentials via dropzones, anonymous collection points of illicitly collected data. Based on the collected data from more than 70 dropzones, we present an empirical study of this phenomenon, giving many first-hand details about the attacks that were observed d...

Much attention has been devoted recently to the underground economy, and in particular to the IRC markets for stolen identities, phishing kits, botnets, and cybercrime related services. It is suggested that sophisticated underground markets show great specialization and maturity. There are complex divisions of labor and service offerings for every need. Stolen credentials are traded in bulk for...

In this paper we consider the cyclical component of the underground economy in New Zealand, and compare some its characteristics with those of the corresponding cycle in real measured GDP. Comparisons are made between the turning points of the two cycles, and formal tests for cyclical asymmetry (in terms of both "steepness" and "deepness") are conducted. The turning-point comparisons reinforce ...

Penelitian ini mencoba mengukur besarnya underground economy tingkat provinsi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan moneter. Pengukuran dilakukan pada periode penelitian 2007 - 2017, regresi Ordinary Least Square, untuk memperkirakan permintaan uang kartal akibat aktivitas daerah yang dipengaruhi oleh beban pajak daerah. Estimasi dalam menghasilkan jumlah berkisar antara 3,8% 11,6% dari PD...

The wide adoption of underground mining has contributed immensely to the rapid growth of the countries’ economy, job creation, gross domestic product, fixed capital formation, gross investment and merchandise exports on an enormous global scale. At the same time, the tedious and dangerous nature of underground mining makes it vulnerable to mine accidents and disasters, such as the fall of loose...

This paper discusses the elements of socialist and post-socialist (un)employment and informal economy. A growing economic crisis and a reduced participation in the formal labor market in the newly-formed Croatian state in the early 1990s brought about an increase in unemployment and gave rise to informal economy. However, informal economy had been widespread even before, in the late socialist p...