In an open economy with a floaLing exchange rate, the efficacy of fiscal and monetary policy depends fundamentally on the wage-setting pnxiess. In the canonical models of Mundell and Fleming, monetary expansion raises output via an exchange rate depreciation, while fiscal expansion has no output effect. These results hold only when real wages can be altered by exchange rate movements; if the re...

The exchange rate regime in Iran is practically fixed. The Central Bank of Iran (CBI) has committed itself to trying to bring about a particular exchange rate regime to meet two important targets: 1. Sustaining competitiveness of the economy, 2. Acquiring the share of foreign reserves in monetary base in a predetermined level. Since 2001 the share of foreign reserves in monetary base has i...

One of the striking features of the business cycles is the patterns of co-movement of output, inflation, interest rates, and real equity prices across countries. This paper empirically examines the effects of domestic and foreign monetary policies on Iranchr('39')s macroeconomic variables (including real production, inflation, short-term interest rate, and real exchange rate) using quarterly da...

Central banks’ international reserve holdings have increased significantly in the recent past. This paper assesses the consequences for monetary policy both on theoretical and empirical grounds. According to the quantity theory of money, the accumulation of reserves might result in inflationary pressures if the resulting monetary expansion is not fully sterilized and exceeds the growth of money...

today, the discussion of regularity monetary policy in achieving inflation and output gap stabilization is important. in this paper, we investigated the persistence of the output gap in iran economy and then by using a hybrid new keynesian model based on quarterly data for 1990:1- 2011:3. we compared three alternative instrumental rules in monetary policy for iran economy. the results indicated...