Since McTaggart first proposed his paradox asserting the unreality of time, numerous philosophers have attempted to defend the tensed theory of time against it. Certainly, one of the most highly developed and original is that put forth by Quentin Smith. Through discussing McTaggart's positive conception of time as well as his negative attack on its reality, I hope to clarify the dispute between...

away from the surface realization. In order to achieve such a morphological analysis, a morphological analyzer needs to be implemented which can handle the long distance dependencies and the phonological rules that apply. Such a morphological analyzer was implemented using the Xerox finite-state technology tools xfst and lexc (Beesley & Karttunen 2003). This system has been used because it offe...

Is Optimality Theory a constraining theory? A formal analysis shows that it is, if two auxiliary assumptions are made: (1) that only markedness and faithfulness constraints are allowed, and (2) that input and output representations are made from the same elements. Such OT grammars turn out to be incapable of computing circular or infinite chain shifts. These theoretical predictions are borne ou...

This paper offers the concept of historical media semiotics as a means of analysing the evolution of culture and the history of the media as one semiosic sphere where technological innovation, sign potential and the communicative needs of a culture evolve in a joint process. Whereas media history is commonly regarded as a chain of technological developments by media studies, namely a historicit...

Unexpected, non-normative events are key influences on human development across the life span. Despite this importance, little is known about how an individual may capitalize on unexpected events and transform them into opportunities for sustained positive development. In this article, to address this theoretical lacuna, I introduce the concept of serendipitous relations mutually beneficial, ad...

This article discusses four types of phonological knowledge: knowledge the acoustic and perceptual characteristics of speech sounds (perceptual knowledge), knowledge of the articulatory characteristics of speech sounds (articulatory knowledge), higher-level knowledge of the ways that words can be divided into sounds, and sounds can be combined into meaningful sequences in words (higher-level ph...