AIM To evaluate the effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the smear layer removal from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 mandibular premolars were decoronated to working the length of 12 mm and prepared with protaper rotary files up to size F3. Group A canals irrigated with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) follow...

An important ongoing question for higher education is how to successfully mentor the next generation of scientists and engineers. It has been my privilege to have been mentored by one of the best, Dr Robert F. Wagner and his colleagues at the CDRH/FDA during the mid 1980s. Bob introduced many of us in medical ultrasonics to statistical imaging techniques. These ideas continue to broadly influen...

In this paper we present the results of a systematic theoretical and experimental investigation of the fundamental aspects of using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWASs) to achieve embedded ultrasonics in thin-gage beam and plate structures. This investigation opens the path for systematic application of PWASs for in situ health monitoring. After a comprehensive review of the literature, w...

Most of the nonlinear ultrasonic studies to date have been experimental, but few theoretical predictive studies exist, especially for Lamb wave ultrasonic. Compared with nonlinear bulk waves and Rayleigh waves, nonlinear Lamb waves for structural health monitoring become more challenging due to their multi-mode dispersive features. In this paper, predictive study of nonlinear Lamb waves is done...

Created in 1917 to detect German U-boats, Paul Langevin’s piezoelectric quartz transducer remains the foundation of all modern ultrasonic techniques.

Pulp canal obliteration is defined as a deposition of hard tissue within the root canal space. These tissues can eventually p roduce the radiographic appearance of a root canal space that has become partial or completely ca lcified. Success in root canal treatment is based on proper debridement, disinfection and obturation of the root canal system Calcified root canal causes problem during endo...

INTRODUCTION Noninvasive medical diagnostics and treatment tools are significantly increasing the pool of effective choices that are available to doctors and surgeons. Every part of the human body has already been explored with such tools and the reported success is very encouraging. With limited capability, visual and acoustic methods have been in use as diagnostic and NDT tools for hundreds o...