BACKGROUND Ultrafine particles have been hypothesised to be an important contributing factor in the toxicity and adverse health effects of particulate air pollution (PM10) and nanoparticles are used increasingly in industrial processes. AIMS To compare the ability of ultrafine and fine particles of titanium dioxide and carbon black to induce inflammation, cause epithelial injury, and affect t...

We examine here the physical aspects and input parameters of a recently published model on the overall transformation kinetics of the bainite reaction in steels.

In this research, we assessed the influence of an ultrafine 2CaO·SiO₂ powder on the hydration properties of a reactive powder concrete system. The ultrafine powder was manufactured through chemical combustion method. The morphology of ultrafine powder and the development of hydration products in the cement paste prepared with ultrafine powder were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (S...

Ultrafine composite fibers consisting of a thermoplastic polyurethane solid-solid phase-change material and organic lanthanide luminescent materials were prepared through a parallel electrospinning technique as an innovative type of ultrafine, dual-functional fibers containing phase-change and luminescent properties. The morphology and structure, thermal energy storage, and luminescent properti...

A combination of experimental and numerical approaches was applied for constructing a dynamic model thermomechanical processing, which used simulating laboratory rolling cooling, designing cooling path to enable phase transformation from austenite ultrafine ( ∼ 50–100 nm) bainitic laths. Physical simulation experiments were calibrating the models. Hot water conducted they numerically simulated....

Experimental results and explanations for the transition temperature from upper to lower bainites in carbon steels containing from 0.20 to 1.80 wt%C were presented metallographically and kinematically. The experimental results are summarized as follows: I) Lower bainite is not formed in steels with less than 0.35 wt%C and no transition from upper to lower bainite occurs. 2) The transition tempe...

SEPTEMBER 2006 -s 200 ABSTRACT. The relationship between alloying content, microstructure, and properties has been clarified for highstrength steel weld metals with 7 to 9 wt-% nickel. Neural network modeling suggested that manganese reductions and nickel additions in a controlled manner with respect to manganese lead to increased impact toughness. Carbon additions were predicted to enhance yie...

The T0 temperature in steel is defined as that at which ferrite and austenite of the same chemical composition have identical free energy. The T0 temperature is that below which it is possible for austenite to transform to ferrite of the same chemical composition after allowing for the strain energy due to the displacements associated with the transformation. Bainite is expected below the T0 te...