In conventional intermittent hemodialysis, the overall mass transfer coefficient (Kd) of a dialyser is mostly calculated at zero ultrafiltration and at relatively high dialysate flow rates. In continuous arterio-venous hemodiafiltration (CAVHD), the dialysate flow rates are low as comparable to the rates of ultrafiltration flows, making the dialysis treatment as slow as possible. Therefore the ...

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass in children results in considerable water retention, especially in neonates and small infants. Dilution of plasma proteins increases water loss into the extravascular compartments. Excessive total body water may prolong ventilatory support and may contribute to a prolongation of intensive care convalescence. After discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass, modi...

BACKGROUND Ultrafiltration is an alternative strategy to diuretic therapy for the treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Little is known about the efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in patients with acute decompensated heart failure complicated by persistent congestion and worsened renal function. METHODS We randomly assigned a total of 188 patients with acute decom...

Background: Ultrafiltration failure is a significant cause of technique failure for peritoneal dialysis and subsequent transfer to hemodialysis. Summary: Ultrafiltration failure is defined as failure to achieve at least 400 ml of net ultrafiltration during a 4 h dwell using 4.25% dextrose. Four major causes of ultrafiltration failure have been described. A highly effective peritoneal surface ar...

Background: Ultrafiltration failure is a significant cause of technique failure for peritoneal dialysis and subsequent transfer to hemodialysis. Summary: Ultrafiltration failure is defined as failure to achieve at least 400 ml of net ultrafiltration during a 4 h dwell using 4.25% dextrose. Four major causes of ultrafiltration failure have been described. A highly effective peritoneal surface ar...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congestion causes the majority of hospitalizations for heart failure and contributes to heart failure progression and mortality. Intravenous loop diuretics reduce the signs and symptoms of congestion. Loop diuretics, however, may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality because of deleterious effects on neurohormonal activation, electrolyte balance, and cardiac and...

A review is given on peritoneal function, especially ultrafiltration and ultrafiltration failure followed by recommendations on how to translate pathophysiology into clinical practice. The subsequent consequences for management of peritoneal membrane function and for patient information are also included.

Background: Ultrafiltration failure is a significant cause of technique failure for peritoneal dialysis and subsequent transfer to hemodialysis. Summary: Ultrafiltration failure is defined as failure to achieve at least 400 ml of net ultrafiltration during a 4 h dwell using 4.25% dextrose. Four major causes of ultrafiltration failure have been described. A highly effective peritoneal surface ar...