It is commonly assumed that the facial pit of pitvipers forms relatively sharp images and can detect small differences in environmental surface temperatures. We have visualized the temperature contrast images formed on the facial pit membrane using a detailed optical and heat transfer analysis, which includes heat transfer through the air in the pit chambers as well as via thermal infrared radi...

Abstract In an isolated system, the time evolution of a given observable in Heisenberg picture can be efficiently represented Krylov space. this representation, initial operator becomes increasingly complex as goes by, feature that quantified by complexity. We introduce fundamental and universal limit to growth complexity formulating Robertson uncertainty relation, involving Liouvillian, genera...

Traditional optimization of open pit mine design is a crucial component mining endeavors and influenced by many variables. The critical factor in the geological uncertainty, which relates to ore grade. To deal with uncertainties related block economic values blocks general problem optimization, under unknown conditions, best ultimate limits pushback designs are produced minimum cut algorithm. p...

The resolution of separation two elementary signals forming a partially coherent superposition, defined by quantum Fisher information and normalized with respect to detection probabilities, is always limited the incoherent mixtures. However, when superpositions are prepared in controlled way, precision can be enhanced up several orders magnitude above this limit. Coherence also allows sorting a...

The hypothesis that greater safety from cavitation by airseeding through inter-vessel pits comes at the cost of less porous pit membranes with greater flow resistance was tested . Sixteen vessel-bearing species were compared: 11 from the Rosaceae, four from other angiosperm families, and one fern. Unexpectedly, there was no relationship between pit resistance (and hence the prevailing membrane ...

Long-term production planning design is a major step in mine planning, because it determines the economic outcome of a project. Also long-term planes act as a guide for medium and short-term production scheduling. Because there are a large number of blocks within the ultimate pit limit, the pit can be divided into a series of sub-pits commonly called push backs, cut backs or phases. These push ...

Nanomechanical resonators can now be realized that achieve fundamental resonance frequencies exceeding 1 GHz, with quality factors ~Q! in the range 10<Q<10. The minuscule active masses of these devices, in conjunction with their high Qs, translate into unprecedented inertial mass sensitivities. This makes them natural candidates for a variety of mass sensing applications. Here we evaluate the u...