The derivation is given of the combined bi-axial bending, compression and shear strength of timber beams. As for other materials the elastic–full plastic limit design approach applies, which is known to precisely explain and predict uniaxial bending strength behaviour. The derivation is based on choosing the location of the neutral line. This provides the stress distribution in the beam cross s...

Abstract Concrete is a brittle material that weak in tension and prone to internal microcracking. With the constant demand for improvement concrete’s durability mechanical proprieties, use of fiber reinforcements has shown promising results. The findings this paper are based on test results hybrid reinforced concrete (HFRC) samples simply supported two-way slabs, produced with selected volumetr...

For the design of steel and concrete structures, most modern international design codes allow the use of plastic stressstrain-diagrams for the analysis of the bending resistance of the cross-section in the ultimate limit state. Curiously, in Europe and most other parts of the world, timber structures are still designed for the ultimate limit state with the old, conservative concept of full elas...

The seismic performance of elliptic braced moment resisting frame (ELBRF) is assessed here and is found that the structural behavior is improved and is of free of architectural space. The demand for seismic performance of ELBRF is estimated through conventional pushover methods of 3, 5, 7, and 10-story ELBRF frames and they are compared with special moment resisting frames (SMRF) and X-Braced C...

limit to the tension reinforcement ratio in flexural high strength reinforced concrete (hsrc) members isbased on the requirement that tension failure as sufficient rotation capacity are ensured at ultimate limit state.however, the provisions for the total amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio ( and ) are not associated withany rational derivation. in this paper, a quantitative measure to e...