Biochemical and histochemical studies were conducted in aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors in adult rainbow trout. Specific activities of the phase I enzymes, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (mEH and cEH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and DT-diaphorase, and the phase II enzymes, gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), glutathione transferase (GST) a...

In previous work, one mouse line was selected for resistance to fescue toxicosis (R) and a second line was selected for susceptibility (S) based upon reductions in post-weaning growth rate caused by an endophyte infected diet. The first objective of the current experiment was to determine whether long term reproduction of S mice was more severely depressed than that of R mice by the toxic diet....

Saisentong, as a thiadiazole fungicide, is widely used in China. The structure of saisentong shows a closer relationship to N, N-methylene-bis (2-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole) (Bis-A-TDA), which is a teratogen. A few studies have shown that some of the thiadiazole fungicides act as endocrine disruptors via disturbance in thyroid hormone homeostasis. Little is known about the effect of pubertal exp...

The effects of p-phenylbenzoic acid (PPBA) on sulfation and glucuronidation was studied in rats. Following intravenous injection of 14C-p-tert-butylphenol (14C-TB, 50 micromol/kg) with PPBA (50 micromol/kg), the sulfation of 14C-TB was decreased by 38.8% and its glucuronidation increased by 62.3%. In a system of isolated hepatocytes, the sulfation of 14C-TB increased and its glucuronidation dec...

To determine drug-induced hyperfunction of marmoset thyroids due to inhibition of synthesis or enhancement of metabolic elimination of thyroid hormones, males were orally administered 10 and 30 mg/kg/day methimazole (MMI), 30 and 100 mg/kg/day spironolactone (SPL), or 50 mg/kg/day phenobarbital (PB) for 4 weeks. MMI caused marked hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells in accordance with a s...

Introduction: During the neonatal period, metabolism of bilirubin is in transition from the fetal stage to the adult stage1. Uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase (UDPGT), an important liver enzyme for conjugation and excretion of bilirubin, is detectable at 18 – 20 weeks of gestation. UDPGT levels in full term neonates are usually less than 0.1% of adult values. Adult value of this enzyme ac...

Ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring plant polyphenol possesses broad chemoprotective properties. Dietary EA has been shown to reduce the incidence of N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced rat esophageal tumors. In this study changes in the expression and activities of specific rat hepatic and esophageal mucosal cytochromes...

The objective of this research was to examine the time- and dose- dependent disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of adult male rats administered a potent coplanar (non-ortho) PCB, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single oral bolus dose of 0, 7.5, 75, or 275 microg PCB 126/kg bw dissolved in corn oil. The rats ...

Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: Exosomes contribute to both liver restoration and damaging; therefore, controlling their release may be useful in prevention and treatment of liver diseases. In addition, designing a novel tool based on exosome may be useful in gene therapy. The liver is a complicated environment comprised of several different cell types such as...

BACKGROUND The estrogenic and xenobiotic biotransformation gene expressions are receptor-mediated processes that are ligand structure-dependent interactions with estrogen-receptor (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), probably involving all subtypes and other co-factors. The anti-estrogenic activities of AhR agonists have been reported. In teleost fish, exposure to AhR agonists has been ass...