BACKGROUND The addition of folic acid to all enriched cereal-grain foods, mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was initiated in January 1998. Although this program was designed such that typical folate intakes would be increased by approximately 100 micro g/d and that the risk of intakes > 1000 micro g/d (the FDA's safe upper limit of daily intake) would be minimal, its actual ef...

OBJECTIVE The structural basis of normoalbuminuric renal insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes remains to be elucidated. We compared renal biopsy findings in patients with type 2 diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and measured GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, associated with either normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In patients with normo...

Demolition of older housing for urban redevelopment purposes benefits communities by removing housing with lead paint and dust hazards and by creating spaces for lead paint-free housing and other community resources. This study was conducted to assess changes, if any, in ambient dust lead levels associated with demolition of blocks of older lead-containing row houses in Baltimore, Maryland (USA...

In this paper, we describe methods for the 3D test of MEMS micro-components using optical interferometry. Utilizing optical interference, microscope optics, PZT nano-scanning and a CCD camera, the proposed technique can detect deformations and measure surface contours with a precision of the order of nanometers. Application of the proposed technique is demonstrated by testing on two typical com...

A consideration of the temperature characteristics or thermal increments for locomotion in Planaria shows that they agree essentially with those reported for certain activities of other animals (Crozier, and Glaser). A process with the lowest increment (micro = 7,000 to 8,000) assumes control of the locomotor rate at temperatures above 20-22 degrees ; that with the highest increment (micro = 18...

As no reliable methods is available to manipulate component whose typical size is up to 100 μm, current industrial assembled products contained only components down to this physical limit. In that scale, micro-assembly requires specific handling strategies to overcome adhesion and high precision robots. This paper deals with an original robotic system able to perform reliable micro-assembly of ...

Micro-outsourcing is the process of sourcing work to smaller firms or individuals using online sites. Several websites provide a platform to match clients and vendors for sourcing jobs. A typical issue with micro-sourcing is information asymmetry regarding the actual expertise of vendors. Online platforms bridge this gap using vendors’ prior histories and client evaluations. In this study, we e...

Emotional cellular EC , proposed in our previous works, is a kind of semantic cell that contains kernel and shell and the kernel is formalized by a tripleL , where P denotes a typical set of positive examples relative to word-L, d is a pseudodistance measure on emotional twodimensional space: valence-arousal, and δ is a probability density function on positive real number field. The b...

In the following supplemental material we provide some additional details and derivations for the paper. We begin by showing how to calculate the joint distribution of p(β, z), marginalizing out π, in Section 1. Then, in Section 2 we consider looking at joint log-likelihoods of HDP topic models and show that the typical set of the distribution is very far from the mode. In Sections 3-4, we give...

A self-contained proof is given of the Noisy Channel Coding Theorem as described in Chapter 8 of Elements of Information Theory by Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas (first edition). 1. Definitions The channel and its capacity. We assume a channel with transition probabilities p(Y |X) for the finite input alphabet X and finite output alphabet Y. For each marginal probability distribution p(X) ov...