Flagella are assembled sequentially from the inside-out with morphogenetic checkpoints that enforce the temporal order of subunit addition. Here we show that flagellar basal bodies fail to proceed to hook assembly at high frequency in the absence of the monotopic protein SwrB of Bacillus subtilis. Genetic suppressor analysis indicates that SwrB activates the flagellar type III secretion export ...

MG160, a type I cysteine-rich membrane sialoglycoprotein residing in the medial cisternae of the rat Golgi apparatus, is highly homologous to CFR, a fibroblast growth factor receptor, and ESL-1, an E-selectin ligand located at the cell surface of mouse myeloid cells and recently detected in the Golgi apparatus as well. The mechanism for the transport of MG160 from the Golgi apparatus to the cel...

The type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of proteins into host cells. Evolutionarily related to the flagellar assembly machinery, this system is also present in other pathogenic bacteria, but its organization is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed supramolecular structures spanning the inner and outer membranes of flagellated and nonflagellated strains...

An inexpensive yet portable device for calibrating four different flow meters in the undergraduate fluid mechanics laboratory was designed and constructed. The apparatus contains a rotameter, a turbine-type meter, a venturi meter, and an orifice meter. All four meters are calibrated simultaneously using a volumetric measuring tank. Results obtained by undergraduate students are presented, and a...

Protons are utilized for various biological activities such as energy transduction and cell signaling. For construction of the bacterial flagellum, a type III export apparatus utilizes ATP and proton motive force to drive flagellar protein export, but the energy transduction mechanism remains unclear. Here, we have developed a high-resolution pH imaging system to measure local pH differences wi...

2014 A Couette-type apparatus has been constructed which allows the observation of small angle neutron scattering from fluids in a constant shear gradient. Typical systems which can be investigated by this apparatus are polymer solutions and melts, anisotropic biopolymers, viruses in solution and various colloidal liquids. Revue Phys. Appl.19 (1984) 759-763 SEPTEMBRE 1984,