Anabolic steroids use is commonly perceived to be the domain of the higher echelons of competitive athletes. However, a great deal of anabolic steroid use occurs in private gymnasia (non-local authority) among non-competitive recreational athletes. Our study has attempted to give an insight into the prevalence of the use of these drugs, the hazards associated with it, and the public health resp...

We study a class of two echelon, serial systems with identical ordering capacities or limits for both echelons. For the case where the lead time to the upstream echelon is one period, the optimality of state-dependent, modified echelon base-stock policies is proved using a decomposition approach. For the case where the upstream lead time is two periods, we introduce a new class of policies call...

Çalışmanın amacı, Üst Kademe Teorisi (Upper Echelons Theory) kapsamında, firmaların en üst kademe yöneticisi konumundaki CEO (Chief Executive Officer) veya genel müdürlerin kariyerleri boyunca kazandıkları deneyimlere dayanarak, yönetsel becerileri açısından genelci mi yoksa uzman mı olduğunu ve sektörlere göre bu özelliklerin nasıl dağılım gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma BIST 100 Ende...

In this study, a two echelons supply chain system in which a supplier is producing perishable product and distribute it to multiple customers is considered. By allowing lateral transshipment mechanism, it is also possible to deliver products to some customers in some periods in bulk, then customers using their own vehicle to transship goods between each other seeking further reduction in the ov...

Location-routing problem (LRP) is a combinational optimization problem in a logistics system. Most heuristic methods employed for LRP divide the problem into location assignment and vehicle routing with a two-phase method, but this method often does not lead to a satisfactory result for the information can not be compressed from one phase to the other efficiently. In this paper we are concerned...

This paper is considering the competition between two multi-echelon supply-chains on price and service under balance and imbalance of market power between the chains which are analyzing through Nash and Stackelberg game approach. The problem is categorized as the centralized or decentralized structure of each chain, which means a few different possible scenarios are developing based on the Nash...

 In many practical distribution networks, managers face significant uncertainties in demand, local price of building facilities, transportation cost, and macro and microeconomic parameters. This paper addresses design of distribution networks in a supply chain system which optimizes the performance of distribution networks subject to required service level. This service level, which is consider...

Forward-reverse logistics network has remained a subject of intensive research over the past few years. It is of significant importance to be issued in a supply chain because it affects responsiveness of supply chains. In real world, problems are needed to be formulated. These problems usually involve objectives such as cost, quality, and customers' responsiveness and so on. To this reason, we ...