the macrophages role within the tumor microenvironment has amended by a variety of factors, thus serves a vital role in tissue morphogenesis. the role of macrophages in health and disease differs enormously as the macrophage has shown dual functions. macrophage has a basic role in antigen presentation serving as the first line of defense in diseases. however the presence of cytokines and growth...

Advanced melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by low survival rates. Less than 50% advanced patients respond to current therapies, and those that do respond, many present with tumor recurrence due resistance. The immunosuppressive tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) remains a major obstacle in therapy. Adjuvant treatment modalities enhance anti-tumor immune cell function...

Abstract BACKGROUND The application of DC-CIK in the field cancer immunotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment. However, cost treatment is prohibitive for many patients, and lack standard manufacturing processes strategies are main limitations. METHODS Our experiments used tumor lysate instead cell line as tumor-associated antigen source with DCs co-culture. We provide most efficie...

Abstract Background The application of DC-CIK in the field cancer immunotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment. However, cost treatment is prohibitive for many patients, and lack standard manufacturing processes strategies are main limitations. Material Methods Our experiments used tumor lysate instead cell line as tumor-associated antigen source with DCs co-culture. We provide mos...

Specific tumor-associated antigens were found on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cattle and sheep with lymphosarcoma by immunofluorescence tests. Materials from 15 cattle with the adult form of lymphosarcoma were examined. Cytoplasmic antigen was detected in fixed tumor cells from all 15 cases and in PBL from 9 cases tested. Memb...

background: the wilm’s tumor gene 1 (wt1) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that is inactivated in a subset of wilm’s tumors. it plays a crucial role in growth, proliferation and development of some embryonic and adult organs. wt1 is expressed as a tumor associated antigen (taa) in various types of solid and hematopoietic malignancies and can be employed as a useful marker for targeted...

Abstract Agonistic antibodies targeting CD137 have been clinically unsuccessful due to systemic toxicity. Because conferring tumor selectivity through tumor-associated antigen limits its clinical use cancers that highly express such antigens, we exploited extracellular adenosine triphosphate (exATP), which is a hallmark of the microenvironment and elevated in solid tumors, as broadly tumor-sele...