After historic experiments by Briggs and King (Briggs and King, 1957; Briggs and King, 1952), animal cloning has emerged as a key approach to explore functional changes in the nuclear genome during differentiation (Gurdon, 1974; Gurdon, 1999; Kikyo and Wolffe, 2000; Rideout et al., 2001; Solter, 2000). Studies in amphibians have revealed that the potential of the nucleus to direct normal embryo...

Downregulation of the fibronectin (FN) gene in a rat 3Y1 derivative cell line, XhoC, transformed by the adenovirus E1A and E1B genes seems to be caused by the induction of a negative regulator, G10BP, which binds to three G-rich sequences in the promoter (T. Nakamura, T. Nakajima, S. Tsunoda, S. Nakada, K. Oda, H. Tsurui, and A. Wada, J. Virol. 66:6436-6450, 1992). These are the G10 stretch and...

The order of ‘noun and adposition’ is the important parameter of word ordering rules in the world’s languages. The seven parameters, ‘adverb and verb’ and others, have a strong dependence on the ‘noun and adposition’. Japanese as well as Korean, Tamil and several other languages seem to have a stable structure of word ordering rules, as well as Thai and other languages which have the opposite w...

Optical absorption spectra of 0.2-mm filtered seawater samples originating from diverse oceanic and coastal waters were measured with a long pathlength capillary waveguide; results were compared with those of three different laboratory spectrophotometers. The 0.5-m-long 550-mm (inside diameter) aqueous waveguide uses only 120 ml of filtered seawater, making it convenient for use in flow-through...

phosphorylation or photophosphorylation is a multi-step, membrane-located process that provides the bulk of cellular energy in eukaryotes and many prokaryotes. Most of the ATP synthesis in these cells is catalyzed by the enzyme, F1Fo-ATP synthase, also called F1Fo-ATPase (F-ATPase), which in its simplest, bacterial, form is composed of eight subunits (α3:β3:γ:δ:ε:a:b2:c9–12). The archaeal A1Ao-...

All living species use ATP as a general source of energy by hydrolysing it into ADP and phosphate. In most species the regeneration of this vital molecule is catalysed by the H+-transporting F1F0 ATP synthases, marvellous machines that couple the flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient to form ATP from ADP and phosphate. Under certain circumstances these enzymes can also work in the re...

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) has escalated in recent times, becoming a major challenge that threatens people’s livelihoods and the survival of wildlife species worldwide (Nyhus, 2016). HWC causes direct damage to local people sharing living space with wildlife, such as injuries, deaths, crops, livestock, property. It also indirect effects, economic loss, food insecurity, costs associated preve...

Directly-modulated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are commonly used in short-reach optical interconnect applications. In order to enable efficient optical interconnect transceiver systems operating at data rates in excess of 20Gb/s, cosimulation environments which allow for the optimization of driver circuitry with accurate compact VCSEL models are necessary. This paper presen...

Stanford, California 94305 cesses. In nearly all cases studied, a significant fraction of cytosolic, membrane-bound or transmembrane proteins diffuse relatively freely within the cytosol or An increasing amount of experimental evidence has acmembrane. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching cumulated over the last years suggesting that most sig(FRAP) studies of plasma membrane receptors, as ...

The radar interferometer technique on two separate antennas. The coherence first used at the magnetic equator in Peru is (amplitude) of the cross spectrum at each also a very powerful means for studying auroral frequency is a measure of how localized the plasma instabilities. We present here the first scattering target corresponding to that results, obtained with a 49.92 MHz, 20-25 KW peak part...