This paper addresses the question of how the vertical structure of a product line relates to brand equity. Does the presence of “premium” or high-quality products in a product line enhance brand equity? Conversely, does the presence of “economy” or low-quality products in a product line diminish brand equity? Economists and marketing researchers refer to variation in quality levels of products ...

BASIC DEFINITIONS: crossing pair of curves and common interior point between two arcs. crossing number cr(G) minimum number of crossings in a drawing of G l-grid is a pair two disjoint edge subset E1, E2 ⊂ E of a drawing of a graph G = (V, E), such that |E1| = |E2| = l and every edge in E1 crosses every edge in E2 bi-clique complete bipartite graph where vertex classes differ in size by at most...

This paper proposes a method to autonomously extract stable visual landmarks from sensory data. Given a 2D occupancy map, a mobile robot rst extracts vertical line features which are distinct and on vertical planar surfaces, because they are expected to be observed reliably from various viewpoints. Since the feature information such as the position and the length includes uncertainties due to e...

In this paper we introduce a new drawing style of a plane graph G called a box-rectangular drawing. It is defined to be a drawing of G on an integer grid such that every vertex is drawn as a rectangle, called a box, each edge is drawn as either a horizontal line segment or a vertical line segment, and the contour of each face is drawn as a rectangle. We establish a necessary and sufficient cond...

We propose an obstacle detection method based on trinocular stereo vision which consist of vertical and horizontal stereo cameras. Vertical edges and horizontal edges are extracted from horizontal stereo images and vertical stereo images. Then the edges are used to generate U-V-disparity maps. A rectangular obstacle has a characteristic that it is represented as a vertical line in V-disparity m...

This study explores the processing of mental number lines and physical lines in five patients with left unilateral neglect. Three tasks were used: mental number bisection ('report the middle number between two numbers'), physical line bisection ('mark the middle of a line'), and a landmark task ('is the mark on the line to the left/right or higher/lower than the middle of the line?'). We manipu...

background: one of the most frequent concerns encountered in dental implant treatments is inadequate pre‑operative planning. panoramic radiographs are readily accessible and cost efficient. the aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of vertical measurements in mandibular molar andpremolar region on panoramic radiography. materials and methods : panoramic radiographs were made of a partiall...