A basic statistic that students learn about in their classes is the standard deviation. Like any statistic, standard deviations are influenced by systematic factors and randomness. I propose that researchers should report “corrected” or “true” standard deviations and I show how to calculate them. The notion of “true” statistics comes out of classical test theory (see Lord and Novick, 1968; Gull...

BACKGROUND To distinguish new primary breast cancers from true recurrences, pangenomic analyses of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays have proven useful. METHODS The pangenomic profiles of 22 pairs of primary breast carcinoma (ductal or lobular) and ipsilateral breast cancers from the same patients were analyzed. Hierarchical clustering was performe...

A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and a bootstrap method were compared in the estimation of standard errors of item response theory (IRT) true score equating. Three test form relationships were examined: parallel, tauequivalent, and congeneric. Data were simulated based on Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary tests of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills1. For parallel and congeneric test form...

BACKGROUND Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur at an incidence of 5-12% in the general population. We aimed to investigate the rate of true-positives for a screening questionnaire for TMD (SQ-TMD) and differences in the characteristics between the true-positive and false-negative groups. Materials and. METHODS Seventy-six individuals (16 men, 60 women; mean age, 41.1 ± 16.5 years) were se...

PURPOSE Precocious puberty is defined as breast development before the age of 8 years in girls. The present study aimed to reveal the diagnosis of Korean girls referred for precocious puberty and to compare the constitutional and endocrinological features among diagnosis groups. METHODS The present study used a retrospective chart review of 988 Korean girls who had visited a pediatric endocri...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some patients diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the emergency department may actually have alternative diagnoses such as seizure, migraine, or other nonvascular spells. The ABCD2 score has been shown to predict subsequent risk of stroke in patients with TIA diagnosed by emergency physicians, but perhaps high ABCD2 scores simply separate those patients with...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the subjects activity level (sedentary vs. active), there was a strong direct correlation between the activity level and the Berg Balance Score (r = 0.76, p <0.001). Moreover, there was a strong direct correlation between the subject’s ambulatory status and the Berg Balance Score (r = 0.78, p <0.001). Results showed, the ADDS revealed only 200 elder...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com the subjects activity level (sedentary vs. active), there was a strong direct correlation between the activity level and the Berg Balance Score (r = 0.76, p <0.001). Moreover, there was a strong direct correlation between the subject’s ambulatory status and the Berg Balance Score (r = 0.78, p <0.001). Results showed, the ADDS revealed only 200 elder...