We compared tipranavir and darunavir concentrations measured at steady state in 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients enrolled in the EASIER-ANRS 138 clinical trial who switched from enfuvirtide to raltegravir while maintaining the same background regimen. The geometric mean ratios of the observed predose concentration (C(trough)), maximum concentration of drug observed in pla...

BACKGROUND Gefitinib is an orally active inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) with activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. The response to gefitinib is variable, possibly because of interindividual variation in the activity of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), the principal enzyme that metabolizes gefitinib. We prospectively assessed the influence of CYP3A activit...

this article describes a simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of methotrexate (mtx) in plasma. samples were collocted from children receiving high-dose mtx at shafa hospital (ahvaz university of medical sciences, ahvaz, iran) at various times after the end of eachinfusion. plasma was deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid and the supernatant was i...

Vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been changed over time and its average minimum inhibitory concentration increased from 1.5 to 1.75 mg/L. A recently published guideline by the American Society of Health Pharmacist recommended a daily dose of 15-20 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours of vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration between 15-20 mg/L for treatmen...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Circadian rhythms may influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. This study aimed to elucidate whether the pharmacokinetics of the orally administered drug sunitinib are subject to circadian variation. METHODS We performed studies in male FVB-mice aged 8-12 weeks, treated with single-dose sunitinib at six dosing times. Plasma and tissue samples were obtained for pharmac...

The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in peripheral blood mononudear cells and plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were simultaneously determined in cancer patients receiving FUra by protracted continuous infusion (300 mg/m!/day). Blood samples were drawn every 3 h over 24-h period and the resulting DPD and FUra values analyzed for circadian periodicity. In the seven p...

The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in peripheral blood mononudear cells and plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were simultaneously determined in cancer patients receiving FUra by protracted continuous infusion (300 mg/m!/day). Blood samples were drawn every 3 h over 24-h period and the resulting DPD and FUra values analyzed for circadian periodicity. In the seven p...

BACKGROUND Plasma tenofovir (TFV) trough concentrations may be relevant for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-induced renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between plasma TFV trough concentrations and TDF-induced renal dysfunction in Japanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS A 48-week, retrospective cohort study was ...

BACKGROUND A trough concentration of >20 mg/L is considered the optimal dosage of teicoplanin required to ensure early therapeutic effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections including those in patients who develop febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy. This study determines appropriate initial doses during the first 2 days of administration and evaluates the ...

BACKGROUND The periprocedural protocol for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation commonly includes anticoagulation therapy. Apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, is currently approved for clinical use; however, little is known about the effects of residual apixaban concentration on bleeding complications during/after AF ablation. Therefore, we measured residual apixaban concentration by using mass...