We develop here an analytical evolutionary model based on a trinucleotide mutation matrix 64 x 64 with six substitution parameters associated with the transitions and transversions in the three trinucleotide sites. It generalizes the previous models based on the nucleotide mutation matrices 4 x 4 and the trinucleotide mutation matrix 64 x 64 with three parameters. It determines at some time t t...

In this study, a computational analysis has been carried out to investigate the patterns of the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in mucin-6 mRNA gene of human foveolar cells. The computational analysis of SSRs is important because it can provide insight into the diseases generated by SSRs. Our results show that mucin-6 mRNA has a high relative frequency of dinucleotide and trinucleotide SSR motif...

The use of simple sequence repeats (SSRs), or microsatellites, as genetic markers has become popular due to their abundance and variation in length among individuals. In this study, we investigated linkage groups (LGs) in the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and demonstrated variation in the abundances, densities, and relative densities of mononucleotide, dinucleotide, and trinucleotide rep...

A quantitative genetic assay was developed to monitor alterations in tract lengths of trinucleotide repeat sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Insertion of (CAG)50 or (CTG)50 repeats into a promoter that drives expression of the reporter gene ADE8 results in loss of expression and white colony color. Contractions within the trinucleotide sequences to repeat lengths of 8 to 38 restore functio...

The majority of the human genome is comprised of non-coding DNA, which frequently contains redundant microsatellite-like trinucleotide repeats. Many of these trinucleotide repeats are involved in triplet repeat expansion diseases (TREDs) such as fragile X syndrome (FXS). After transcription, the trinucleotide repeats can fold into RNA hairpins and are further processed by Dicer endoribonuclases...

Trinucleotide bulges in RNA commonly occur in nature. Yet, little data exists concerning the thermodynamic parameters of this motif. Algorithms that predict RNA secondary structure from sequence currently attribute a constant free energy value of 3.2 kcal/mol to all trinucleotide bulges, regardless of bulge sequence. To test the accuracy of this model, RNA duplexes that contain frequent natural...

Trinucleotide exchange (TriNEx) is a method for generating novel molecular diversity during directed evolution by random substitution of one contiguous trinucleotide sequence for another. Single trinucleotide sequences were deleted at random positions in a target gene using the engineered transposon MuDel that were subsequently replaced with a randomized trinucleotide sequence donated by the DN...