Definitions and forms of salinity All natural waters contain soluble salts. The concentration of the salts determines whether the water is of high quality (drinkable or usable for irrigation without need for special precautions) or of low quality (brackish or saline). Water in the soil also contains soluble salts (sometimes called free or nonattached salts). The amount of salts in the root zone...

Bile salts and bacteria have intricate relationships. The composition of the intestinal pool of bile salts is shaped by bacterial metabolism. In turn, bile salts play a role in intestinal homeostasis by controlling the size and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. As a consequence, alteration of the microbiome-bile salt homeostasis can play a role in hepatic and gastrointestinal pathol...

Salinity is a widespread environmental problem limiting productivity and growth of plants. Halophytes which can adapt and resist certain salt stress have various mechanisms to defend the higher salinity and alkalinity, and epigenetic mechanisms especially DNA methylation may play important roles in plant adaptability and plasticity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the different influence...

BACKGROUND The significant value of tests used to certify the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to persulphate salts remains uncertain. AIMS To validate the specific inhalation challenge (SIC) test for the diagnosis of occupational asthma. METHODS Eight patients with occupational asthma due to persulphate salts, eight patients with bronchial asthma who were never exposed to persulphate s...

studies show that there is a substantial gap between the recommended daily calcium intake and what people actually consume. calcium food fortification is an effective method to increase daily calcium consumption. in the present study, the influence of three calcium salts at different levels was evaluated on physicochemical properties of set yoghourt such as ph, acidity, incubation time and syne...

objective(s): gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) is one of the most common digestive disorders that frequently lead to pulmonary complications due to gastric fluid aspiration. in the present experimental study, chronic aspiration of gastric fluid, its components and bile salts in rat lung was performed to find out the main factor(s) causing pulmonary complications of gastric fluid aspiratio...

the antibacterial activity of a series of ionic liquids containing short-chained 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations ([cnmim+]; n = 2, 4, 6 and 8) and bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion ([tf2n]) against e. coli and b. subtilis was measured, for the first time. all ils used in this work were synthesized and analyzed by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy, nmr, and karl-fischer...