Surveys were conducted in malaria-endemic villages in the southern province of Attapeu, Lao PDR during various seasons over a 3-year period. All-night mosquito landing collections, blood surveys and a case-control study were conducted. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species, and slide positivity rates were higher during the transition/dry season compared with the wet season. Anophele...

in this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. a polyamide spiral wound ro membrane followed by three filters as ro pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. the effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...

Sir,?I send you an extract from Herodotus describing how the early Egyptians protected themselves from mosquito bit and at the same time from malaria. The mesh of the hshing e must have been very fine to prevent the ingress of i^n0P'1? or Culex. The custom of sleeping on the flat roofs ot houses is still common in Egypt and the small tower risi ? above the roof is found in the representations o...

This paper presents a control synthesis approach for discrete event systems modelled by ordinary Petri Nets (PN) to solve a forbidden state problem. The PN herein considered are transitions controllable and contain measurable and non measurable transitions. The proposed PN controller is synthesised using the influence paths of the forbidden transitions. The latter are deduced from the PN reacha...

BACKGROUND Effective reduction of malaria morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children under the age of five depends to a large extent on family biosocial factors. Although, the awareness of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) is reportedly high and increasing in Nigeria there remain large gaps between awareness, possession and use by families with children under the age of five in Nigeria. A...

INTRODUCTION DDT is considered to be the most cost-effective insecticide for combating malaria. However, it is also the most environmentally persistent and can pose risks to human health when sprayed indoors. Therefore, the use of DDT for vector control remains controversial. METHODS In this paper we develop a computer-based simulation model to assess some of the costs and benefits of the con...