Recent work has demonstrated that adaptive evolution often occurs on contemporary time scales (years to decades), making it of particular relevance to conservation planning (Ashley et al. 2003; Stockwell et al. 2003). Reports of rapid evolution span a variety of species, traits, and situations, suggesting that rapid adaptation is the norm rather than the exception (Hendry & Kinnison 1999; Kinni...

Peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies can be measured by studying the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) generated by the scattering of the microwave photons by the hot X-ray emitting gas inside clusters. While for individual clusters such measurements result in large errors, a large statistical sample of clusters allows one to study cumulative quantities dominated by t...

The incommensurate modulation in a synthetic iron-bearing akermanite, Ca2(Mg, Fe )Si207, has been determined at room tempe~ature by the five-dimensional refinements of the structure. The basic structure is tetragonal P4 21m with unit-cell dimensions a =7.8679(3), c ~5.0144(2)A, V=31OAl(2)A3, 2=2, M=286.69, Dx =3.067Mg . m-3, MoKa with graphite monochromator, J1 =3.199mm-l, F(000)=284A9, Mg/(Mg+...

For the calculation of load or residual stresses from measured strain data by means of x-rays or neutrons, the so called x-ray elastic constants are required. Usually they are calculated from the corresponding single crystal data assuming some models such as Voigt, Reuss or Kröner. In this paper, the finite element method is used to guarantee both, stress equilibrium and strain compatibility ac...

A coextrusion process was used to fabricate three-directionally macrochanneled tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) with a calcium phosphate coating layer. The three-directionally connected structure was built by a unique alignment and a lamination of the TZP surrounded by calcium phosphate and carbon black filaments. After a thermal treatment (binder burnout and sintering), a 52 vol% array o...

During the first round of the study panel members were asked to comment on the kinds of evaluation instruments they considered appropriate. The responses did not indicate clearly their preferences except that no one was in favour of a detailed evaluation instrument which indicated weights for each criterion. All participating members of the final roimd (6) were in favour of a broad instnunent w...

The act of helping is a way of sharing information and expertise, a means of redistributing wealth, and the primary tool by which people take care of less fortunate others. We often do this, as a society, out of genuine empathic concern for others (Batson, 1994), sometimes augmented by reciprocity beliefs (Eisenberger, Armeli, Rexwinkel, Lynch, & Rhoades, 2001; Hardy & van Vugt, 2006). Recently...

We discuss certain a priori geometric properties of two-dimensional steady gravity water waves with vorticity. The main result states that for an arbitrary distribution of vorticity, any periodic wave of finite depth with a single trough (a minimum over one period) is symmetric about a single crest (a maximum over one period) and the wave profile decreases (strictly) monotonically from crest to...

A thermophilic, endospore-forming, and radiation resistant bacterium, strain TS3-9, was isolated from the radon hot spring. Based on phenotype, fatty acid, G + C mol %, and phylogenetic analysis, TS3-9 was assigned to the genus Geobacillus. In addition to surviving exposure to gamol/La irradiation (D10 = 10 kGy), TS3-9 produced an exopolysaccharide (EPS), the average molecular weight was approx...

Introduction The biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls, world-wide environmental pollutants, is initiated mainly by an oxygenation of aromatic ring catalyzed by liver cyochrome P450(P450) [1]. A series of our studies using some tetrachlorobiphenyls (TCBs), major components of Kanechlor 400 caused Yusho poisoning in Japan in 1968, demonstrated that the hydroxylating ability of liver mic...