Transversely isotropic (TI) media with the frequency-independent quality-factor elements (also called “constant- Q” transverse isotropy) are often used to describe attenuation anisotropy in sedimentary rocks. The coefficients constant- Q TI models can be conveniently defined terms of Thomsen-type attenuation-anisotropy parameters. Recent research indicates that not all those parameters for such...

We experimentally investigate the presence of anisotropy from the inertial to the dissipative scales in homogeneous turbulence. We employ an apparatus in which two facing arrays of randomly actuated air jets generate turbulence with negligible mean flow and shear, over a volume several times larger than the energy-containing eddy size. The Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale is varie...

Purpose: The authors report comprehensive commissioning and quality assurance (QA) procedures for Intrabeam, Intra-Operative radiotherapy (IORT) unit. The Intrabeam system miniature X-ray source is a 50 kV and 40 μA unit. Methods: The authors’ tests include measurements of output, beam deflection, isotropy, kVp and mAs measurements, quality index, isodose, reproducibility, linearity, depth dose...

Abstract In this article we explore the change in elastic symmetry and anisotropy of two geological materials with stress-induced damage. Two independent uniaxial deformation experiments on layered natural geomaterials, a shale sandstone, support analysis. Both samples were loaded along their bedding planes at constant strain rate up to mechanical failure. During deformation, an array ultrasoni...

In their studies of transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media), Alkhalifah and Tsvankin observed that, to a high numerical accuracy, the normal moveout (NMO) velocity for dipping reflectors as a function of ray parameter p depends mainly on just two parameters, each of which can be determined from surface P-wave observations. They substantiated this result by using t...

The available evidence from phase contrast, polarization optical, and electron microscopic studies on vertebrate skeletal muscle, insect skeletal muscle, and dipteran flight muscle is interpreted as favoring the following general structure of striated muscle. A continuous array of filaments (actin) runs through all bands of the sarcomere. These are linked by an axially periodic system of transv...

Elastic properties of tendon were assessed by two different approaches. Six fresh bovine Achilles tendon specimens were used. The first approach directly measured Young’s modulus along the transverse direction (Eperpendicular) and the longitudinal direction (Eparallel), using a cyclic compression–relaxation method. Young’s moduli were derived based on the measured strain and stress values. The ...

The paper draws on the similarities between the well-known process of whiskerization of microfibres and the recent idea of bristled nanowires. The new method for evaluation of the effective elastic properties of such materials is suggested based on the model of four-component composition. This model assumes the transverse isotropy of continuum and predicts five elastic moduli and density as ind...