introduction the eustachian valve (ev) remnant, when present in adults, is usually rudimentary. however, in echocardiographic examinations, it may appear as a mobile long structure in the right atrium, and it rarely protrudes into the right ventricle. when it is quite large, the ev remnant could be misdiagnosed as a right atrial tumor, thrombus, or vegetation. case presentation an 83-year-old p...

BACKGROUND Complex anatomy of intra-cardiac structures requires spatial orientation of image in three dimensions for better understanding and enhanced image interpretation. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of the emerging 'real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography' technique for comprehensive assessment of cardiac anatomy, physiology, pathomorphology and pathophysiolog...

Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is used on a limited scale as a complement to traditional treatment methods for severe coronary heart disease. In patients where traditional methods do not help, or where the risk of, eg, coronary artery surgery is perceived to be excessive, ETS may be considered. However, experience with the procedure is limited, and only a few open studies on ETS h...

In clinical electrocardiography many attempts have been made to achieve a higher degree of accuracy in the interpretation. One controversial subject is whether unipolar chest leads are more useful than Latterly he tested a transthoracic lead with the indifferent electrode placed in the 4th intercostal space at the right sternal border (station 1) and the exploring electrode placed in the left p...

A 70-year-old man with end-stage heart failure and a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device received repeated electrical discharges from his biventricular implantable cardiac defibrillator. Although the electrocardiogram demonstrated ventricular fibrillation, the patient was awake and in no distress. A focused transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to assess ventricular function rev...

BACKGROUND We have initially published our experience with the robotic transthoracic esophagectomy in 32 patients from a single institute. The present paper is the extension of our experience with robotic system and to best of our knowledge this represents the largest series of robotic transthoracic esophagectomy worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the r...