This paper introduces discretionary imprecise data in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and discusses the efficiency evaluation of Decision Making Units (DMUs) with non-discretionary imprecise data. Then, suggests a method for evaluation the efficiency of DMUs with non-discretionary imprecise data. When some inputs and outputs are imprecise and non-discretionary, the DEA model becomes non-linear ...

the present paper is the result of the surveys done on the translation of the robaiyyat-e hakim omar khayyam sera'iki language. these translations that are mostly done on the basis of valid and authentic texts both in the persian and english languages, can be divided into two categories: i. translation into prose of the robaiyyat ii. translation into verse of the robaiyyat together with ex...

The exportation of modern novel from European languages to other literatures has long been the object of study and has been, most recently, evoked in discussions of World Literature. The introduction of modern novel into the Persian literary system through translation occurred about the turn of the twentieth century. The genre was unprecedented in Persian and the concept of adabiyat wa...

Abstract The aim of this study was to find the appropriate type of translation of English brand names Iranian consumers prefer, i.e. phonetic, semantic and phonosemantic types of translation. Also, it was aimed at examining the type of font size Iranian consumers tends to see on packages of English products. To this end, the distinction between male and female participants as well as the partic...

this study is a discussion on translation of f. scott fitzgerald's the great gatsby from english into persian by karim emami based on newmarks’ (1988) classification of cultural elements. the discussion revolves around the problems of translation focusing on some of the cultural and linguistic issues encountered in the original and how they are resolved in the strategies used in the transl...