Root elongation requires cell divisions in the meristematic zone and cell elongation in the elongation zone. The boundary between dividing and elongating cells is called the transition zone. In the meristem zone, initial cells are continuously dividing, but on the basal side of the meristem cells exit the meristem through the transition zone and enter in the elongation zone, where they stop div...

[1] The ARM Shortwave Spectrometer (SWS) measures zenith radiance at 418 wavelengths between 350 and 2170 nm. Because of its 1-sec sampling resolution, the SWS provides a unique capability to study the transition zone between cloudy and clear sky areas. A spectral invariant behavior is found between ratios of zenith radiance spectra during the transition from cloudy to cloud-free. This behavior...

We examined the anatomical connections of trigeminal neurons between the trigeminal subnuclei interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition and caudal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical dorsal horn (Vc/C(1,2)) zones in rats, using the fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracing method combined with Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, following temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation. The head...

Surface wave dispersion measurements for Love wave overtones carry evidence of azimuthal anisotropy in the transition zone of Earth's mantle (400 to 660 kilometers deep). A Backus-Gilbert inversion of anisotropic phase velocity maps, with resolution kernels mainly sensitive to the transition zone, shows a robust long-wavelength azimuthally anisotropic velocity structure. This observation puts n...

The initial response of plants to aluminum (Al) is the inhibition of root elongation, while the transition zone is the most Al sensitive zone in the root apex, which may sense the presence of Al and regulate the responses of root to Al toxicity. In the present study, the effect of Al treatment (30 μM, 24 h) on root growth, Al accumulation, and properties of cell wall of two pea (Pisum sativum L...

We study the hydrogen mobility in ringwoodite and wadsleyite considering multiple charge-balanced defects, including Mg < = > 2H, Si < = >Mg+ 2H, and the hydrogarnet defect, Si < = > 4H, using molecular dynamics simulations based on the density functional theory at transition zone pressures and temperatures between 1500 and 2500 K. We determine the diffusion coefficients and study in detail the...