Sustainable development of the transport system has been consensus around world for past decades. Encouraged by urgent need cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, vehicle electrification advancing at an unprecedented pace. As a major component multimodal transportation system, public transit is forefront adopting battery technology into its operation. Battery Electric Bus (BEB), with superior fe...

Different transport stakeholders have different needs for transport infrastructure and services. Meeting the needs of all stakeholders implies a trade-off of benefits and costs between supply and demand and creates transport diversity issues. However, the literature has largely ignored these issues. Transport diversity can assess the level to which important needs are satisfied equitably, and m...

Local bus network is the most popular transit mode and the only available transit mode in the majority of cities of the world. Increasing the utility of this mode which increases its share from urban trips is an important goal for city planners. Timetable setting as the second component of bus network design problem (network route design timetable setting vehicle assignment crew assignment) hav...

Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai evidence such as rubbish middens. The ‘Incense Route’ linked Arabian Peninsula Red Sea Mediterranean Sea, activity peaking during Nabataean Roman periods. au...

The paper discusses the various trade and mercantile activities of Nagaraththar community since 3rd century BCE. By highlighting issues relating to guilds author furnishes relation between term Nagarram Nagaraththar. Further place names ancient period have been studied present name those places is mentioned. settlement in Chettinadu region well understood this discussion. Also, highways, transi...

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) technical developments for highly reliable life support systems aim to maximize the viability of long duration deep space missions. Among the life support system functions, airborne particulate matter filtration is a significant driver of launch mass because of the large geometry required to provide adequate filtration performance and b...

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Department of Transportation (Caltrans) under Federal ID # CA-26-7034-00 through R...

INTRODUCTION T is limited information on the ivory trade in Lao PDR but the presence of Asian Elephant Elephas maximus populations and a geographic position—situated between the world’s largest ivory traders Thailand and China—as well as the presence of ivory for sale in the country, may suggest an emerging role for the country in the international ivory trade. Six towns known for their involve...

Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile nodes, connected by wireless links. If a destination node is beyond the transmission range of an origin node, then the nodes must cooperate to provide a multi-hop route. Any node can act as a sender, receiver or transit node. It is clear that it is in a node’s interest to be a sender or receiver, but it is less clear what the value is of f...