1. Background of the Study This paper introduces a solution methodology for the transit (bus) route network problem for a sample city with available PT data. Several methodologies, in varying sophistications, have been developed to generate route sets for transit routing; however, these solutions appear viable only in virtual networks, where nodes and links are characterized to allow for shorte...

This thesis develops a methodology for solving the bus network design problem (BNDP) in which one seeks to determine the best configuration of bus routes and their frequencies, given information on the bus transit demand, the street network, the available resources and the operational constraints. The proposed methodology follows a heuristic approach and consists of two main components route ge...

Route suggestions for public transportation has been integrated to different mapping services such as Google Maps or Bing Maps. However, those suggestions are often found to be unreliable for the end-users, mainly because of two reasons. Firstly, these route-finding techniques do not consider traffic conditions on the roads. Secondly, routes are generalized for every user, completely ignoring t...

Accessibility is a concept that is not entirely easy to define. Gould (1969) once stated that it is a 'slippery notion … one of those common terms that everyone uses until faced with the problem of defining and measuring it'. Considerable research over the last 40 years has been devoted to defining and measuring accessibility, ranging from access to jobs within an hour's travel time to the ease...

The paper discusses the various trade and mercantile activities of Nagaraththar community since 3rd century BCE. By highlighting issues relating to guilds author furnishes relation between term Nagarram Nagaraththar. Further place names ancient period have been studied present name those places is mentioned. settlement in Chettinadu region well understood this discussion. Also, highways, transi...

Attracting people to public transit in urban areas has proven to be a difficult task indeed. Recent research on the transportation–land use connection has suggested that transit use can be increased through transit-friendly land use planning. While significant evidence exists that a relationship between land use and transit is apparent, the exact nature of the relationship remains ambiguous. De...

The observed decline in Arctic sea ice is projected to continue, opening shorter trade routes across the Arctic Ocean, with potentially global economic implications. Here we quantify, using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 global climate model simulations calibrated to remove spatial biases, how projected sea ice loss might increase opportunities for Arctic transit shipping. By mid...

This paper tackles the representation of routes carried by a physical network infrastructure on a map. In particular, the paper examines the case where each route is represented by a separate colored linear symbol offset from the physical network segments and from other routes—as on public transit maps with bus routes offset from roads. In this study, the objective is to automate the placement ...

This paper uses analytical and numerical models to illustrate how the presence of other distortions within the transport system changes the overall welfare effect of a congestion tax. These other distortions include a transit fare subsidy, congestion on competing (unpriced) routes, accident externalities, gasoline taxes, and pollution externalities. Each of these pre-existing distortions can su...