For more than 50 years, transcutaneous electrical stimulation method has been used to cure the spinal cord injury, stroke or cerebral palsy. This works by activating excitable nerves, muscle fibers current through electrode skin interface. Electrode interface requires equivalent circuit overcome inability of measuring resistivity directly. We have learned several previous models, which are from...

We report on a multichannel liquid-crystal-based wave-front corrector with smooth modal influence functions. The phase is controlled by application of spatially localized ac voltages to a distributed voltage divider formed by a liquid-crystal layer sandwiched between a high-conductance and a low-conductance electrode. The shape of the influence function depends on the control frequency and mate...

From the physiological point of view it is important to stress that the c l i n i c a l l y interesting ränge for Pco2 is much smaller than for Po2· So, in pr inc ip le , the accuracy and reproducibi l i ty of the technique has to be better than with transcutaneous Po2Furthermore, because the Co2 molecule reacts with water and carbonic acid is formed slowly dissociating into H and HCos", the el...

TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator) is a therapeutic device used to deliver electric current through one’s skin. As the device is used on the human body, safety concern becomes a matter that needs special attention. One option for electrical safety is testing whether the electrode has attached properly to the skin. The test is done in the interval of the simulator pulse. This opti...

Quadriceps femoris muscle torque was measured in 40 subjects during transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Three different electrode types (carbonized rubber, sponge, and adhesive) were used on each subject, permitting determination of the factors that influenced the magnitude of quadriceps femoris muscle torque induced by NMES. This goal was accomplished by entering the va...

background: this study was performed to find out whether transcutaneous bilirubinometry could be a valid screening method for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants, especially for those who needed mechanical ventilation. methods: we evaluated 63 preterm iranian newborns who were managed in the neonatal intensive care unit of shahidbeheshti university hospital, isfahan, iran from april 2009 to a...

s / Brain Stimulation 10 (2017) e46ee83 e72 [19] Trevizol 2016 Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) for posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: An open-label proof-ofconcept trial [20] Fallgatter 2003 Far field potentials from the brain stem after transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. [21] Stavrakis 2015 Low-level transcutaneous electrical vagus nerve stimulation suppresses...

hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem in neonates and causes serious complications. thus, serial measurements of bilirubin should be done. this assessment is done through two methods of laboratory measurement in serum sample and transcutaneous bilirubinometer. this descriptive study compared transcutaneous bilirubin assessment and laboratory serum bilirubin. bilirubin level was assessed among ...