Stokes, Mark G., Christopher D. Chambers, Ian C. Gould, Tracy R. Henderson, Natasha E. Janko, Nicholas B. Allen, and Jason B. Mattingley. Simple metric for scaling motor threshold based on scalp-cortex distance: application to studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol 94: 4520–4527, 2005. First published August 31, 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.00067.2005. Transcranial magnetic sti...

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review regarding the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the cognitive event-related potential P300. A search was performed of the PubMed database, using the keywords "transcranial magnetic stimulation" and "P300." Eight articles were selected and, after analysis of references, one additional article was added to the list...

[1] Siebner HR, Auer C, Conrad B. Abnormal increase in the corticomotor output to the affected hand during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in patients with writer’s cramp. Neurosci Lett 1999;262:133e6. [2] Hallett M. Neurophysiology of dystonia: the role of inhibition. Neurobiol Dis 2011;42:177e84. [3] Borich MR, Arora S, Kimberley TJ. Lasting effects of...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been applied to a growing number of psychiatric disorders as a neurophysiological probe, a primary brain-mapping tool and a candidate treatment. Although most investigations have focused on the treatment of major depression, increasing attention has been paid to anxiety disorders. The aim of this study is to long time (for 30 days) effect of repetitiv...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive and safe technique for motor cortex stimulation. TMS is used to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, including mood and movement disorders. TMS can also treat several types of chronic neuropathic pain. The pain relief mechanism of cortical stimulation is caused by modifications in neuronal excitability. Depression is a common co-...

Ensuring patient and participant safety during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is of paramount importance. In this chapter, we begin by exploring a number of general safety concerns and the prevalence of reported side-effects in the TMS literature. Next, we outline contraindications and the recommended safety parameters for each of the major stimulation paradigms (including single and r...

BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is an established treatment for depression, but its underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. Abnormalities in two large-scale neuronal networks-the frontoparietal central executive network (CEN) and the medial prefrontal-medial parietal default mode network (DMN)-are consistent fin...

Abstract Coupling transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) allows recording the EEG response to a direct, non-invasive cortical perturbation. However, obtaining genuine TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) requires controlling for several confounds, including auditory evoked (AEPs) associated TMS discharge noise (TMS click). To rule out AEPs from TEPs, AEP can be mathemat...

introduction: neural stimulation is a promising new technology for the treatment of medically-intractable seizures.  transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) is a simple, non-invasive, low cost technique which is widely used in neurophysiology. in a few studies that have been performed at different frequencies the therapeutic effects of this technique were not obvious. repetition of low frequenc...

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of auditory hallucination of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. DATA SOURCES Online literature retrieval was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from January 1985 to May 2012....