Transaction States In our model of transactions, an update transaction, once started, updates the abstract database atomically when the transaction commits, or makes no changes in the database, when it aborts. We have represented the global state of update transactions by a variable transstatus in the abstract model of the transactions. The variable transtatus is defined as transtatus ∈ trans →...

Demand for blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is far larger than supply, necessitating a mechanism that selects subset of transactions to include "on-chain" from the pool all pending transactions. EIP-1559 proposal make several tightly coupled changes blockchain's transaction fee mechanism, including introduction variable-size blocks burned base rises falls with demand. These are slated d...

Abstract Behavioral scientists have begun to research ‘sludge,’ excessive frictions that make it harder for people do what they want do. Friction is also an important concept in transaction-cost economics. Nevertheless, sludge has been discussed without explicit referral transaction costs. Several questions arise from this observation. Is the analogy friction used differently both literatures? ...

'Advanced database applications', such as CAD/CAM, CASE, large AI applications or image and voice processing, place demands on transaction management which differ substantially from those in traditional database applications. In particular, there is a need to support 'enriched' data models (which include, for example, complex objects or version and configuration management), 'synergistic' coope...