Large naturalistic driving studies give extremely detailed insight into how traffic accidents happen and what causes them. However, even in very large studies there are only relatively few crashes. Hence one additionally selects and studies crash surrogates, so called "near-crashes", i.e. situations when a crash almost happened. The selection procedures invariably entail severe risks of causing...

This paper explores drivers' knowledge regarding The righT of way aT freeway on-ramp merging areas, including Their acTions when driving aT Those areas. a sample of 530 ohio drivers parTicipaTed in mail and online surveys ThaT assessed Their demographic characTerisTics, knowledge of righT of way, and merging pracTices. inTroducTion Motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of death in...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that by 2020 road traffic crashes will have moved from ninth to third in the world disease burden ranking, as measured in disability adjusted life years, and second in developing countries. The identification of effective strategies for the prevention of traffic related injuries is of global health importance. Area-wide traffic calming schemes that discourage through ...

The experiences in many countries document that alcohol is involved in a substantial fraction of traffic crashes, and particularly crashes involving fatalities. In the USA a national surveillance system is now in place which provides information on all traffic crashes involving one or more fatal events. Data from this Fatal Accident Reporting System for the years 1977 through 1981 have been ana...

Whereas most traffic crashes occur in urban areas, the rates of fatal crashes and traffic fatalities (per capita and per vehicle mile) are higher in rural areas. The distinction between rural and urban areas is, therefore, an important delineation in any policy discussion about traffic safety. In particular, efforts to distinguish between rural and urban traffic safety should focus on those fac...

OBJECTIVE The price of gasoline has been found to be negatively associated with traffic crashes in a limited number of studies. However, most of the studies have focused either on fatal crashes only or on all crashes but measured over a very short time period. In this study, we examine gasoline price effects on all traffic crashes by demographic groups in the state of Alabama from 1999 to 2009....

In order to better understand the underlying crash mechanisms, left-turn crashes occurring at 197 four-legged signalized intersections over 6 years were classified into nine patterns based on vehicle maneuvers and then were assigned to intersection approaches. Crash frequency of each pattern was modeled at the approach level by mainly using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with the Negati...

OBJECTIVES To assess the factors affecting the severity of motor vehicles traffic crashes involving young drivers in Ontario. POPULATION Ontario young drivers, aged 16 to 20, involved in traffic crashes resulting in injury, between 1 January 1988 and 31 December 1993, on public roads in Ontario. METHODS Population based case-control study. Cases were fatal injury, major injury, and minor in...

INTRODUCTION Daylight saving time (DST), implemented as an energy saving policy, impacts many other aspects of life; one is road safety. Based on vehicle crash data in Minnesota from 2001 to 2007, this paper evaluates long- and short-term effects of DST on daily vehicle crashes. METHOD To provide evidence to explain the causes of more/fewer crashes in DST, we examine the impact of DST on cras...

OBJECTIVE To explain a reduction in pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes in Arkhangelsk, Russia, in 2005-2010. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective ecological study. METHODS For 2005-2010, police data on pedestrian-motor vehicle crashes, traffic violations, and total motor vehicles (MVs) were combined with data on changes in national road traffic legislation and municipal road infrastructure. Negative bi...