The article focuses on the relationship between laws of religion and custom in traditional Kazakh society role importance oratory judiciary. legal system steppes, level implementation Sharia its impact judiciary, "rules road" peculiarities judiciary are also discussed. A comparative analysis Muslim law is made. carried out terms order rules work people process settlement solution problem such a...

Introduction In his 1971 Journal of Asian Studies article, "Serfdom and Mobility: An Examination of the Institution of 'Human Lease' in Traditional Tibetan Society," Melvyn Goldstein proclaims, "Tibet was characterized by a form of institutionalized inequality that can be called pervasive serfdom," and thereby launched his narrative of serfdom. In this chapter I will deconstruct Goldstein's nar...

due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. the results of this research, based on the same historical sources and archaeological evidenc...