OBJECTIVE To document the effect of the liberalisation of the Japanese tobacco market on Japanese smoking rates and on Japanese tobacco industry practices. DATA SOURCE Asahi Shimbun (major daily newspaper) from 1980 to 1996. STUDY SELECTION Review of media coverage on the effects of market liberalisation following the imposition of the USA's section 301 trade sanction. DATA SYNTHESIS The ...

Objective—To document the eVect of the liberalisation of the Japanese tobacco market on Japanese smoking rates and on Japanese tobacco industry practices. Data source—Asahi Shimbun (major daily newspaper) from 1980 to 1996. Study selection—Review of media coverage on the eVects of market liberalisation following the imposition of the USA’s section 301 trade sanction. Data synthesis—The opening ...

For a positive integer n, let Mn be the set of n×n complex matrices. Suppose m,n ≥ 2 are positive integers and k ∈ {1, . . . ,mn− 1}. Denote by Wk(X) the k-numerical range of a matrix X ∈Mmn. It is shown that a linear map φ : Mmn →Mmn satisfies Wk(φ(A⊗B)) = Wk(A⊗B) for all A ∈Mm and B ∈Mn if and only if there is a unitary U ∈Mmn such that one of the following holds. (i) For all A ∈Mm, B ∈Mn, φ(...

LUPUS CYSTITIS : A REPORT OF FOUR CASES Katsuhiko TAKABAYASHI, MD, Makoto SUEISHI, MD, Hisao TOMIOKA, MD, Terue IMAIZUMI, MD and Sho YOSHIDA, MD The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba Takao SUGIYAMA, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Kashima-Rousai Hospital, Hasaki Akira KIMURA, MD Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi ...

Despite a large number of advantages, Torque Ripple (TR) is the most important drawback of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM). In the presented study, TR was reduced by optimizing the gate pulse angle of the SRM phase which played a leading role in the generated torque profile. For the Optimization, one of the strategies of Genetic Algorithm (GA) which was named Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algor...