The experimental toxicological findings of tramadol are reviewed and discussed. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic. In acute toxicity studies, LD50 values are estimated to be around 300-350 mg/kg body weight (rat, mouse, oral administration). After intravenous administration the LD50 values ranged from 50 to 100 mg/kg body weight. In subacute and chronic toxicity studies, clinical signs o...

Explanation.................................................................................................... 275 Evaluation for acceptable daily intakes ........................................................ 276 Biochemical aspects ................................................................................ 277 Absorption distribution and excretion ........................................

Explanation.................................................................................................. 149 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake......................................................... 150 Biochemical aspects........................................................................... 150 Absorption, distribution and excretion ....................................... 150 B...

Explanation.................................................................................................... 161 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake .......................................................... 161 Biochemical aspects ................................................................................ 162 Absorption, distribution and excretion ......................................

Explanation.................................................................................................... 333 Evaluation for acceptable daily intake .......................................................... 333 Biochemical aspects ................................................................................ 333 Absorption, distribution and excretion ......................................

The insecticide chlorpyrifos has been tested in numerous toxicological studies in the past. On the basis of these studies, the EU-evaluation of the active ingredient was finalized in 2005. Since then, new studies and data on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos have been published. The US American Environmental Protection Agency EPA has evaluated these studies and derived new toxicological reference va...