The mode I energy release rate, including the effect of residual stresses, was evaluated for both adhesive and laminate double cantilever beam specimens. The energy release rate can be partitioned into a mechanical term and a residual stress term in beam theory. The beamtheory mechanical term is not very accurate, but can be corrected by a slight modification to a previous correction factor. Th...

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the processes used to refine the microstructure of materials. Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) is the most common method of SPD. In this study, AL-6063grain refinement was performed using the Equal Channel Angular Extrusion method. The material was extruded up to 6 passes at a temperature of 200°C following route A. A suitable die sets equipped w...

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy films were deposited on an aluminum substrate by a hot-pressing process. Three-point bending tests were performed to determine the Young's modulus of MWCNT reinforced nanocomposite films. Compared to the neat epoxy film, nanocomposite film with 1 wt % of MWCNT exhibits an increase of 21% in the Young's modulus. Four-point-bending tests were ...

It is well known that the mechanical properties of materials depend of the rolling direction, which means that the direction of specimen cutting affect the obtained values. This feature also exists in the welded joint, where the anisotropy is caused by direction of the deposit welded layers. One high-carbon steel is surface welded by flux-cored wire and specimens were cut in order to determine ...

AIM Fracture toughness is one of the properties that assesses bone quality. Compact sandwich (CS) test gives a better choice of bone sample size and therefore suits a wide variety of fracture toughness testing needs and constraints. This study addresses one of the important standardization aspects of CS test for fracture toughness testing of bone. The aim of this study is to establish normalize...

The extraordinary properties of graphene and carbon nanotubes motivate the development of methods for their use in producing continuous, strong, tough fibres. Previous work has shown that the toughness of the carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer fibres exceeds that of previously known materials. Here we show that further increased toughness results from combining carbon nanotubes and reduced grap...

The toughening of an aromatic amine-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenoI-A epoxy with particles of crystalline polymers was studied. The crystalline polymers were poly(butylene terephthalate), nylon 6, and poly(vinylidene fluoride). Nylon 6 and poly(vinylidene fluoride) were found to toughen the epoxy about as well as did an equivalent amount of CTBN rubber. Poly(butylene terephthalate) was foun...

Bone is generally loaded under multiaxial conditions in vivo; as it invariably contains microcracks, this leads to complex mixed-mode stress-states involving combinations of tension, compression and shear. In previous work on the mixed-mode loading of human cortical bone (using an asymmetric bend test geometry), we found that the bone toughness was lower when loaded in far-field shear than in t...

EFFECTS OF RUBBER ADDITIVES ON PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTIC MATERIALS by JOHN ALBERT ALEXANDER Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering on August 17, 1968, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering. This study investigated the modification of asphalt with various rubbers and the effect of this modification on the values of fracture to...

Primate species often eat foods of different physical properties. This may have implications for tooth structure and wear in those species. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical defenses of leaves eaten by Alouatta palliata from different social groups at Hacienda La Pacifica in Costa Rica. Leaves were sampled from the home-ranges of groups living in different microhabitats. S...